我国用水权初始分配制度的多维价值、现实困境及优化路径  

The Multidimensional Value, Practical Difficulties and Optimization Path of the Initial Allocation System of Water Rights in China

作　　者：肖惟志 张可 XIAO Wei-zhi;ZHANG Ke(Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学法学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《黑龙江生态工程职业学院学报》2024年第6期64-69,共6页Journal of Heilongjiang Vocational Institute of Ecological Engineering

基　　金：湖南省重大水利科技项目“湖南省水资源资产化改革的制度设计与法治保障研究”(XSKJ2022068-22);国家留学基金委2024年创新性人才国际合作培养项目(CSCNO.202406720005)。

摘　　要：用水权初始分配制度是政府以行政方式对用水户的用水权予以明确的法律制度,具有缓解我国水资源困境、推进用水权交易和完善用水权制度的重要功能。当前,我国用水权初始分配制度存在着用水权初始分配主体不明、初始分配程序模糊、法律依据不足和法律救济途径缺失的问题。对此,不仅需要明确用水权初始分配的主体,优化用水权初始分配程序,实现审查方式由事前审批向事后备案的转变,还需健全用水权初始分配救济途径,并从中央和地方两个维度发力。一方面,水利部出台相关的专门性法律文件,补强用水权初始分配整体的法律依据,另一方面,地方政府根据需要制定用水权初始分配的地方性政府规章,建立具有地方特色的用水权初始分配制度。The initial distribution system of water rights is a legal system that the government makes clear to the right of water users through the administrative way,which has the important functions of alleviating the predicament of water resources in our country,advancing the trade of water rights and improving the system of water rights.At present,there are some problems in the initial distribution system of water right in China,such as unclear subject of initial distribution,fuzzy procedure of initial distribution,lack of legal basis and lack of legal remedy.In this regard,it is not only necessary to clarify the main body of the initial allocation of water rights,optimize the initial allocation procedure of water rights,and realize the transformation of the examination method from pre-approval to post-filing.It is also necessary to improve the relief channels for the initial allocation of water rights and make efforts from both central and local dimensions.On the one hand,the Ministry of Water Resources ought to issue relevant specialized legal documents to strengthen the overall legal basis for the initial allocation of water rights,on the other hand,local governments needs to formulate local government regulations for the initial allocation of water rights according to needs and established an initial allocation system of water rights with local characteristics.

关 键 词：用水权 用水权初始分配 水量分配 水权证 

分 类 号：D922.65[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]