金属改性农林固废基生物质炭对镉污染土壤修复的研究进展  

Research Progress on Metal Modified Agricultural and Forestry Solid Waste Based Biochar for Remediation of Cadmium Contaminated Soil

作　　者：黄瑞卿 李伟[1] 熊健[1] 杨崛园 谢鹏程 吕学斌[1] HUANG Rui-qing;LI Wei;XIONG Jian;YANG Jue-yuan;XIE Peng-cheng;LÜXue-bin(College of Ecology and Environment,Tibet University,Lhasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏大学生态环境学院,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2024年第11期1438-1453,共16页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：西藏自治区科技计划项目(XZ202202YD0027C);西藏自治区自然科学基金(XZ202401ZR0035);西藏大学人才发展激励计划-青年学者项目。

摘　　要：重金属Cd(Ⅱ)污染已成为我国突出的土壤环境问题,金属改性农林固废基生物质炭凭借高修复效率、强稳定性及低成本等优点被广泛应用于Cd(Ⅱ)污染土壤修复领域。在明确生物质炭作为化学钝化剂修复Cd(Ⅱ)污染土壤优越性的基础上,本文利用图表形式分类对比了金属改性农林固废基生物质炭制备常用方法及其优缺点,从分子层面描述其对Cd污染土壤的修复机制,总结修复效果的影响因素,分析改性生物质炭修复过程中的稳定性,并对现阶段研究存在的问题提出可行性意见。结果表明,金属改性农林固废基生物质炭对Cd(Ⅱ)污染土壤具有优越的修复性能,金属改性常用方法包括浸渍、还原和水热,修复机制主要涉及沉淀作用、配位作用、离子交换和静电作用,修复效果受到投加量、pH、反应时间等因素的综合影响。同时,金属改性农林固废基生物质炭的稳定性受到土壤环境中物理、化学和微生物等作用的影响,但具有一定的抗干扰性,修复性能整体比较稳定。针对当前研究现状,建议加强对改性生物质炭制备条件、重金属复合污染和改性生物质炭长期修复稳定性的综合探究,揭示金属改性农林固废基生物质炭对Cd(Ⅱ)污染土壤更深层次的作用机制。Heavy metal Cd(Ⅱ)contamination has become a prominent soil environmental issue in China.Metal modified agricultural and forestry solid waste-based biochar is widely used in the field of soil Cd(Ⅱ)contamination remediation due to its advantages of high remediation efficiency,strong stability,and low cost.Building upon the established superiority of biochar as a chemical passivator to remediate Cd(Ⅱ)contaminated soil,this article uses chart form to classify and compare the commonly used methods and advantages and disadvantages of metal modified agricultural and forestry solid waste based biochar preparation,and describes its remediation mechanism for soil Cd pollution at the molecular level,summarize the factors influencing remediation effectiveness,analyzes the stability during the remediation process of modified biochar,and proposes feasible suggestions for current research issues.The results indicate that metal modified agricultural and forestry solid waste-based biochar exhibits superior remediation performance for soil Cd(Ⅱ)contamination.Common methods of metal modification include impregnation,reduction,and hydrothermal treatment.The remediation mechanism mainly involves precipitation,coordination,ion exchange,and electrostatic interactions.The remediation effectiveness is comprehensively influenced by factors such as dosage,pH,and reaction time.Furthermore,the stability of metal-modified agricultural and forestry solid waste-based biochar is affected by the physical,chemical,and microbial factors in the soil environment,but it demonstrates certain resistance to interference and overall stable remediation performance.Addressing current research gaps,it is recommended to enhance comprehensive exploration of preparation conditions for modified biochar,heavy metal contamination,and the long-term remediation stability of modified biochar,thereby elucidating deeper mechanism of metal modified agricultural and forestry solid waste-based biochar on heavy metal Cd(Ⅱ)polluted soil.

关 键 词：生物质炭 改性方法 吸附机制 土壤修复 镉 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X71