我国海洋环境公益诉讼管辖制度的完善研究  

The Research on the Improvement of China′s Marine Environmental Public Interest Litigation Jurisdiction

作　　者：韩立新[1] 杨淇皓 Han Lixin;Yang Qihao(Law School,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期37-45,共9页Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Sciences)

基　　金：交通运输部海事局项目“《海洋环境保护法》修订相关配套法律制度研究”。

摘　　要：海洋环境公益诉讼制度作为海洋生态文明建设的有力司法手段,在司法实践中面临诸多问题。其中,处于诉讼程序最前端的司法管辖问题始终存在,阻碍海洋环境公益诉讼后续程序推进和实体争议解决。《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理海洋自然资源与生态环境公益诉讼案件若干问题的规定》为海洋环境公益诉讼管辖制度的完善带来向好信号,但由于条文规定的模糊性和效力层级的有限性,管辖连接点、管辖法院和管辖事项的明确性不足,尚有海洋环境民事公益诉讼管辖连接点模糊、民刑交叉案件下海事法院和普通法院管辖冲突、涉外海洋环境刑事附带民事公益诉讼管辖法院不明以及海陆交叉区域环境公益诉讼存在管辖争议四个焦点问题。以上述问题为支点,探讨海洋环境公益诉讼管辖制度的完善路径,并提出经由《海事诉讼特别程序法》修改进行统一立法建构。As a powerful judicial means to protect the marine environment,the marine environmental public interest litigation faces many problems in judicial practice.Among them,jurisdictional issues at the forefront of litigation procedures always exist,hindering the advancement of follow-up procedures for marine environmental public interest litigation and the resolution of substantive disputes."Provisions of the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate on Several Issues concerning the Handling of Public Interest Litigation Cases on Marine Natural Resources and Ecological Environment"sends a good messag to resolve the jurisdictional problem of marine environment public interest litigation.However,due to the vague provisions and limited effectiveness of the provisions,the jurisdiction connecting factors,jurisdiction courts and jurisdiction matters are not clear enough,there are four remaining issues:unclear jurisdiction connecting factors for marine environmental civil public interest litigation,frequent jurisdictional conflicts between maritime courts and ordinary courts in crossed cases of civil and criminal law,unclear jurisdiction of courts for civil public interest litigation incidental to foreign-related marine environmental criminal cases,and jurisdictional disputes for environmental public interest litigation in areas where land and sea intersect.Based on the above problems,the article explores ways to improve the jurisdiction of marine environmental public interest litigation,and proposes a unified legislative construction through the revision of"Special Maritime Procedure Law".

关 键 词：海洋环境 公益诉讼 司法管辖 环境司法专门化 海事法院 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]