X射线双星爆发中的黑洞吸积  

Black hole accretion in the outburst of X-ray binaries

作　　者：游贝 徐赛恩 龙毅 Bei You;Saien Xu;Yi Long(School of Physics and Technology,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学物理科学与技术学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第28期4230-4244,共15页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12322307,12361131579,12273026)资助。

摘　　要：黑洞X射线双星(简称双星)通过吸积伴星物质形成吸积盘,并产生强烈的X射线辐射.在双星爆发过程中,其物质吸积率的变化会跨越7个数量级甚至更大.与之对应的,其吸积过程会经历多种吸积模式,是研究黑洞吸积的理想实验室.双星的吸积过程常伴随着相对论性喷流,而喷流的产生与黑洞附近的磁场有关.研究双星的吸积物理能帮助我们理解吸积盘大尺度磁场的形成和输运过程,以及产生喷流的机制.因此,黑洞双星吸积是现代天文前沿研究领域之一.本文对双星爆发的多波段观测特征进行了简单介绍,并且从能谱和时变角度介绍了近些年基于慧眼卫星数据在黑洞吸积领域的研究进展.能谱研究方面,介绍了利用能谱等信息发现的热吸积流外流存在的证据,并介绍了吸积盘风对黑洞自旋测量值的影响,以及通过多波段观测数据首次发现的磁囚禁盘的形成过程.时变研究方面,从观测和理论两个方面介绍了双星准周期振荡现象中热吸积流/喷流进动模型的一些研究进展,包括准周期振荡来自喷流进动的观测证据以及关于Lense-Thirring进动的模拟工作.Black hole X-ray binary(BHXRB)forms an accretion disk by accreting material from a companion star,producing intense X-ray radiation.During an outburst of a BHXRB,the mass accretion rate to the black hole(BH)varies over several orders of magnitude,often reaching even higher values.Correspondingly,the accretion process transitions between different modes make it an ideal laboratory for studying black hole accretion.The BH accretion process is often accompanied by relativistic jets,which are associated with the magnetic field in the vicinity of the black hole.Studying accretion physics can help us understand the evolution and transportation of large-scale magnetic fields in accretion discs and the mechanisms that generate the jets.Therefore,the study of black hole accretion is one of the frontier research fields in astrophysics.In this paper,we briefly introduce the multi-wavelengths observational features of BHXRBs in the outbursts,and introduce the advances in the black hole accretion in recent years based on the data from HXMT from the spectral and timing perspectives.Regarding accretion flow,the accretion disk truncation model is a widely accepted theoretical framework for interpreting the state transitions of X-ray binaries.However,it is still unclear how disk and corona evolve in both geometry and dynamics.Recent studies using spectral fitting and timing analysis of MAXI J1820+070 suggest a reduction in the spatial extent of the corona.An unusual decrease in the reflection fraction suggests an outflowing corona,which accelerates as it approaches the black hole.It has been found that the black hole’s spin,measured from energy spectra,appears smaller at high luminosities.This phenomenon is successfully interpreted when considering the influence of disk winds on the energy spectra.This suggests that the evolution of the measured spin could be evidence of the disk wind.On the topic of magnetic fields and jets,it is believed that a magnetically arrested disk(MAD)can form in BHXRBs when the magnetic field in the a

关 键 词：黑洞 吸积盘 喷流 磁场 

分 类 号：P145.8[天文地球—天体物理]