深海氧同位素3阶段中国北方人群扩散与行为适应  

Human history and behavioral adaptations in North China during marine isotope stage 3

作　　者：杨石霞 Michael Petraglia 邓成龙[5,6] Shi-Xia Yang;Michael Petraglia;Cheng-Long Deng(CAS Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China;Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution,Griffith University,Queensland 4111,Australia;School of Social Science,The University of Queensland,Queensland 4111,Australia;Human Origins Program,National Museum of Natural History,Smithsonian Institution,Washington DC 20560,USA;State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044 [2]Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution,Griffith University,Queensland 4111,Australia [3]School of Social Science,The University of Queensland,Queensland 4111,Australia [4]Human Origins Program,National Museum of Natural History,Smithsonian Institution,Washington DC 20560,USA [5]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,岩石圈演化国家重点实验室,北京100029 [6]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第28期4257-4266,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41888101,42177424);中国科学院青年促进会(2020074)资助。

摘　　要：深海氧同位素3阶段(MIS3)是末次冰期中气候转变关键期,也是解剖学意义上的现代人从与其姐妹种群共存到独自发展并扩散至全球的关键演化阶段.中国北方地区横跨亚洲内陆干旱-半干旱区到西北太平洋沿岸,是欧亚大陆东侧人口、文化交流的重要走廊.该区域对于探究MIS3时期全球史前人群群体动态演化、技术与文化发展等具有重要意义.本文通过系统梳理区域内MIS3时期考古学材料,结合已有关键化石和遗传学证据,发现区域内人群经历了从不同人群在边缘区域开始扩散接触,到逐渐深入互动,再经迅速迁徙、渗透、融合,最终在区域内形成稳定群体的三个发展阶段.MIS3早、中期相对暖湿的气候增加了中-高纬度内陆地区地表水的供给,为人群迁徙、扩散提供了关键基础.而进入MIS3中-晚期,随着气候向干冷转化,湖面收缩,到达北方腹地的人群在40 ka左右从遗传学和文化上都相对独立,形成了较为稳定的群体.至MIS3末,随着气候进一步干冷,以细石叶技术为代表的新人群带来新的变化.Marine isotope stage 3(MIS3),which extends from 60 to 25 ka,is key period characterized by a succession of contrasting climatic phases.It is also a critical time for modern human evolution,which witnessed the widespread dispersal of Homo sapiens and the extinction of archaic populations,such as the Denisovans and the Neanderthals.In recent years,increased attention has been paid to Homo sapiens and the Initial Upper Paleolithic(IUP)which may be a sign of human dispersals across Eurasia in MIS3.However,a comprehensive understanding of the peopling of the eastern end of Eurasia and the behavioral adaptations of populations during MIS3 is still vague.North China,across the vast area extending from the Gobi Desert to the Pacific Rim,is potentially an important corridor of population movements and cultural exchanges.With the arrival of the IUP in Eastern Asia in MIS3,it remains unclear whether local populations adopted this technology or if it represents a replacement of indigenous cultures and populations of North China.Here,we examine the archaeological record together with the published hominin fossils and genetic data of North China in MIS3 and subdivide it into three successive stages:Stage I(60–45 ka)shows very limited Mousterian cultural remains recovered in marginal regions,indicating the sporadic presence of external populations;and,the core area of northern China remains occupied by populations skillful in making core-flake tools;Stage II(45–35 ka),the appearance of the IUP is a sign of the dispersal of Homo sapiens from western Eurasia to North China;a rapid“cultural creolization”occurred,resulting in mosaic technological innovations and cultural diversification;Stage III(35–25 ka)is illustrated by the disappearance of the IUP tradition,and the increase in the number of advanced backed tools,ornaments,pigments,and bone objects;and towards the end of this stage,the microblade technique appeared.The significant shifts in the archaeological record,marked by the three stages,corresponds with key homin

关 键 词：中国北方 MIS3 现代人人群扩散 行为适应 

分 类 号：P532[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]