新疆青铜早期多种生物遗存的C、N稳定同位素分析  

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of various organism remains from the early Bronze Age sites in Xinjiang,China

作　　者：屈亚婷 饶慧芸 崔建新 伊弟利斯·阿不都热苏勒 李文瑛 胡兴军 金普军[5] 杨益民 Yating Qu;Huiyun Rao;Jianxin Cui;Idelisi Abuduresule;Wenying Li;Xingjun Hu;Pujun Jin;Yimin Yang(Northwest Institute of Historical Environment and Socio-Economic Development,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China;Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China;Xinjiang Cultural Relics and Archaeology Institute,Urumqi 830011,China;School of History,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China;Department of Archaeology and Anthropology,School of Humanities,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院,西安710119 [2]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044 [3]新疆文物考古研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [4]新疆大学历史学院,乌鲁木齐830046 [5]陕西师范大学材料科学与工程学院,西安710119 [6]中国科学院大学人文学院考古学与人类学系,北京100049

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第28期4311-4322,共12页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2020JQ-416);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(22JJD770020);国家自然科学基金(41571190,41701161)资助。

摘　　要：新疆青铜早期人类活动的季节性研究为探索农牧业经济的形成与发展提供重要依据.本文对新疆青铜早期小河墓地、北方墓地与铁板河下游发现的多种生物遗存(人牙和发,动物毛、骨和角)进行了碳、氮稳定同位素(δ^(13)C和δ^(15)N)分析与加速器质谱14C测年.结果显示,小河墓地先民食物的δ^(15)N值(7.7‰±1.3‰)位于植食性家畜(4.7‰±1.2‰)与肉食性伶鼬(11.5‰±1.3‰)之间,表明植物性食物在先民食谱中的重要地位,为青铜早期罗布泊地区农业的初步发展提供新证据;北方墓地人发较高的δ^(13)C值(-14.7‰±2.5‰)反映了小河文化人群向西扩张至塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地的河流绿洲区域时黍作农业得到发展.羊角(1942~1763 BC)与人发序列δ^(13)C和δ^(15)N值呈现明显的周期性变化规律,其年际与季节性最大差异分别为1.7‰和3.4‰(羊角)与1.8‰和2.5‰(人发),先民与家畜的食谱可能存在不同农作物的季节性补给.伶鼬骨与毛δ^(13)C和δ^(15)N值的差异分别为2.0‰和1.6‰,主要与不同时期(或季节)个体食谱差异有关.结合新疆青铜至铁器时代不同遗址羊的δ^(13)C和δ^(15)N值,羊灵活的摄食行为与多样化饲养方式使其具有较强的环境适应能力,可能对新疆早期畜牧业结构的形成与发展产生重要影响.Current research has shown that the subsistence economy of the early Bronze Age populations in Xinjiang,China,was based on agro-pastoralism,while studies on the seasonality of human activity are scarce,which has highlighted the key role of understanding how human subsistence strategies adapt to the natural environment.This paper examined the AMS14Cdating and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of various organism remains(including human teeth and hair and animal bones,horns and fur/wool)from the Xiaohe Cemetery,Beifang Cemetery and Tieban River areas(named the TBH site here)in Xinjiang,China,during the early Bronze Age.According to isotopic fractionation principles from diets to different tissues/residues of humans and animals and combined with biological and growth characteristics,we investigated the diets of humans and animals from the Xiaohe Culture sites.The results showed that the human diet had an intermediateδ^(15)N mean value(7.7‰±1.3‰)between those of herbivores(ovicaprid and bovid,mean of 4.7‰±1.2‰)and carnivores(least weasel,mean of 11.5‰±1.3‰)in the Xiaohe Cemetery.These findings suggest that plant foods(millet and wheat)also play vital roles in the human diet,providing new evidence for the development of prehistoric agriculture in Xinjiang.Integrated with the discovery of foods made of broomcorn millet and wheat,the higherδ^(13)C values(-14.7‰±2.5‰)and lowerδ^(15)N values(11.5‰±0.7‰)of human hair(n=3)from the Beifang Cemetery in the Taklimakan Desert indicate that humans consumed more C4 plants(millet).However,it has been confirmed that the humans in the Xiaohe culture in the Lop Nur region consumed mainly C3-based food.These findings further indicate that millet agriculture developed in the oasis area of the Taklimakan Desert during the westwards migration of the Xiaohe population.Based on the growth rings in the animal horns,theδ^(13)C andδ^(15)N values of the sequentially sampled ovicaprid horn(1942-1763 cal BC),respectively,are in the range of-21.4‰--19.7‰and 10.

关 键 词：青铜早期 小河文化 生物遗存 C、N稳定同位素分析 季节性活动 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学]