不同培肥措施对西辽河平原盐碱化耕地盐碱特性及作物产量的影响  

Effects of different fertilization measures on salinity characteristics and crop yield of salinized cultivated land in the West Liaohe Plain

作　　者：赵彬 刘美英 景宇鹏 史培 段海文 张兰英 张东旭[3] 沈祥军[3] ZHAO Bin;LIU Mei-ying;JING Yu-peng;SHI Pei;DUAN Hai-wen;ZHANG Lan-ying;ZHANG Dong-xu;SHEN Xiang-jun(College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Safety and Green Development of Autonomous Region Universities,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010011;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010031;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Kerqin District,Tongliao Inner Mongolia 028000;Baotou Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Baotou Inner Mongolia 014013)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室,农业生态安全与绿色发展自治区高等学校重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010011 [2]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [3]通辽市科尔沁区农业技术推广中心,内蒙古通辽028000 [4]包头市农牧科学研究所,内蒙古包头014013

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第9期86-93,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0065,2022YFDZ0067)。

摘　　要：田间试验条件下,在内蒙古自治区西辽河平原盐碱化耕地设置8种施肥处理,分别为不施肥(对照,CK)、有机肥(M)、秸秆还田(S)、化肥(F)、有机肥+秸秆还田(MS),有机肥+化肥(MF)、秸秆还田+化肥(SF)、有机肥+秸秆还田+化肥(MSF),研究不同培肥措施对盐碱化耕地土壤盐碱特性及玉米产量的影响。结果表明,施用MF和MSF处理下pH显著低于CK(P<0.05),其中在0~10 cm土层,土壤pH值以MF处理最低,较CK低13.41%;碱化度以MF处理最低,较CK低35.45%。与CK相比,各处理均能显著降低有害离子Cl^(-)和Na^(+)含量,且各处理间差异显著。由此可见,有机肥与秸秆的添加对土壤理化性质的改善具有明显作用。MSF处理玉米产量最高,达到了12231 kg/hm2,相比CK提高了58.87%。产量与有机质、全氮、有效磷存在极显著的正相关关系,与pH呈显著负相关。可见,有机肥、秸秆还田和化肥三者配合施用能够显著提升土壤肥力进而提高作物产量。研究结果可为西辽河平原盐碱化耕地改良利用以及秸秆综合利用提供科学依据。Under field test condition,eight kinds of fertilization treatments were set up in the salineized cultivated land of the West Liaohe Plain,namely control(CK),organic fertilizer(M),straw return(S),chemical fertilizer(F),organic fertilizer+straw return(MS),organic fertilizer+chemical fertilizer(MF),straw return+chemical fertilizer(SF),organic fertilizer+straw return+chemical fertilizer(MSF),and the effects of different fertilization measures on soil salinity characteristics and maize yield in salineized cultivated land were studied.The results showed that the pH was significantly lower than that without fertilization(P<0.05)under the application of MF and MSF,and the soil pH was the lowest in MF treatment and 13.41%lower than that of CK in the 0-10 cm soil layer.The alkalinization degree was the lowest in MF treatment,which was 35.45%lower than that of CK.Compared with CK,all fertilization treatments significantly reduced the content of harmful ions Cl^(-)and Na^(+),and the differences between treatments were significant.It could be seen that the addition of organic fertilizer and straw had an obvious effect on the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties.MSF treatment processed the highest yield of corn,reaching 12231 kg/hm2,with an increase of 58.87%,compared with CK.There was a significant positive correlation between yield and organic matter,total nitrogen and available phosphorus,and a significant negative correlation with pH.It was concluded that the combined application of organic fertilizer,straw return and chemical fertilizer could significantly improve soil fertility and thus increase crop yield.The research results could provide a scientific basis for the improvement and utilization of salinized arable land and the comprehensive utilization of straw in the West Liaohe Plain.

关 键 词：玉米 盐碱化耕地 有机肥 秸秆还田 化肥 土壤施肥 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]