沼液替代氮肥对轻度盐化潮土土壤性质和玉米产量的影响  

Effects of replacing nitrogen fertilizer with biogas slurry on soil properties and corn yield in lightly salinized fluvo-aquic soil

作　　者：张典 孙楷清 杨全刚[2,3] 张延杰 石艳春 庄兆恒 厍元 战威名 冯晶鑫 ZHANG Dian;SUN Kai-qing;YANG Quan-gang;ZHANG Yan-jie;SHI Yan-chun;ZHUANG Zhao-heng;SHE Yuan;ZHAN Wei-ming;FENG Jing-xin(China Guangdong Nucleur Group Environmental Protection Industry Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen Guangdong 518000;College of Resources and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an Shandong 271018;National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer,Tai’an Shandong 271018;China Guangdong Nucleur Group Yangxin Bioenergy Technology Co.,Ltd.,Yangxin Shandong 251800)

机构地区：[1]中广核环保产业有限公司,广东深圳518000 [2]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018 [3]土肥高效利用国家工程研究中心,山东泰安271018 [4]中广核阳信生物能源科技有限公司,山东阳信251800

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第9期111-117,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：中广核环保产业有限公司测土施肥体系研究(077-GNB-2022-C45-P 99-00002);国家重点研发计划环渤海盐碱地耕地质量与产能提升技术模式与应用(2021YFD190090205)。

摘　　要：为研究沼液替代氮肥对轻度盐化潮土的土壤性质和作物产量的影响,在山东省滨州市阳信县轻度盐化潮土上开展了玉米田间试验,试验共设置4个处理,分别为常规施肥(XG)及沼液替代常规施肥氮肥的50%(T50)、70%(T70)和100%(T100)。结果表明,与常规施肥比较,沼液替代氮肥处理土壤碱解氮、速效钾和有机质含量显著提高,分别增加了32.30%~34.29%、27.37%~72.25%和14.96%~21.09%,其中T100处理更有利于提升土壤有机质含量,T50处理对土壤有效磷和速效钾的提高效果最好;T50和T70处理显著增加了土壤铁、铜、锌等微量元素含量;T50处理并不能显著增加土壤汞、镉、铬、铅等重金属含量和土壤电导率;沼液替代氮肥显著提高土壤碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性,分别提高7.18%~32.59%和17.38%~19.85%;沼液替代氮肥处理显著提高微生物丰富度;相较于XG处理,T50、T70和T100处理显著提升了玉米的产量,分别提高了19.01%、16.84%和18.69%。综合分析,沼液替代不同比例氮肥能够显著改善土壤性质和提高玉米产量,在常规施肥的基础上施用50%沼液替代氮肥效果最好。研究结果可为沼液在轻度盐化潮土上的应用提供理论参考。In order to study the effect of biogas slurry replacing nitrogen fertilizer on soil properties of lightly salinized fluvoaquic soil and crop yield,a corn field experiment was carried out on lightly salinized fluvo-aquic soil in Yangxin County,Binzhou City.Four treatments were set up,which were conventional fertilization(XG),biogas slurry replacing 50%(T50),70%(T70)and 100%(T100)of conventional fertilization nitrogen.The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization,the contents of soil alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen,available potassium and organic matter were significantly increased by 32.30%-34.29%,27.37%-72.25%and 14.96%-21.09%,respectively.T100 treatment was more beneficial to increase soil organic matter content.T50 treatment had the best effect on soil available phosphorus and available potassium.T50 and T70 treatments significantly increased the contents of iron,copper,zinc.T50 treatment could not significantly increase the content of hydrargyrum,cadmium,chromium,lead and soil conductivity.Replacing nitrogen fertilizer with biogas slurry significantly increased soil alkaline phosphatase and sucrase activities by 7.18%-32.59%and 17.38%-19.85%,respectively.Biogas slurry instead of nitrogen fertilizer treatment significantly increased microbial richness.Compared with XG treatment,T50,T70 and T100 treatments significantly increased corn yield by 19.01%,16.84%and 18.69%,respectively.Comprehensive analysis showed that replacing nitrogen fertilizer with biogas slurry of different proportions could significantly improve soil properties and increase corn yield,and applying 50%biogas slurry on the basis of conventional fertilization had the best effect.The research results can provide theoretical reference for the application of biogas slurry on lightly salinized fluvo-aquic soil.

关 键 词：沼液 盐化潮土 土壤性质 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S141