不同有机叶面肥对葡萄光合作用及产量、品质的影响  

Effects of different organic foliar fertilizers on photosynthesis,yield and quality of grapes

作　　者：迟雅超 杨鹏[1] 陈虹[1] 张凤华[1] CHI Ya-chao;YANG Peng;CHEN Hong;ZHNAG Feng-hua(Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学/新疆绿洲生态农业兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第9期144-149,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD1900802)。

摘　　要：以5年生‘弗雷无核’葡萄为试材,以清水(CK)和常规氨基酸叶面肥(FS)为对照,设置5个有机叶面肥喷施处理:FY(有机酸)、FB(有机酸+B)、FZ(有机酸+Zn)、FW(有机酸+B+Zn)、FA(有机酸+B+Zn+5-氨基乙酰丙酸),研究不同有机叶面肥对葡萄光合作用、果实产量及品质的影响。结果表明,FZ处理叶片的叶绿素含量较CK和FS显著增加了14.63%和4.93%。FZ和FA净光合速率显著高于CK和FS,气孔导度和蒸腾速率显著高于CK。FA、FW和FZ单果重显著高于CK和FS,FZ产量最高,较CK提高了12.76%。通过对葡萄果实色泽参数分析,FZ对葡萄果皮的着色效果最好,其果实可溶性糖较CK增加了14.42%。FA和FW的维生素C含量、可溶性固形物以及花色苷均显著高于CK,FW处理可溶性固形物以及花色苷也显著高于CK。综上所述,喷施添加Zn的有机叶面肥FZ、FA和FW对葡萄的光合作用、产量和品质的效果最好,说明叶面肥中添加Zn可有效增强叶片光合作用,促进葡萄增产,改善果实色泽和品质。Using 5-year-old‘Frei seedless’grapes as the test material,five organic foliar fertilizer spraying treatments were set up,namely FY(organic acid),FB(organic acid+B),FZ(organic acid+Zn),FW(organic acid+B+Zn)and FA(organic acid+B+Zn+5-aminolevulinic acid),with clean water(CK)and conventional amino acid foliar fertilizer(FS)being the control,and the effects of different organic foliar fertilizers on grape photosynthesis,fruit yield and quality were studied.The results showed that the chlorophyll content of FZ treated leaves increased significantly by 14.63%and 4.93%,respectively,compared with CK and FS.The net photosynthetic rates of FZ and FA were significantly higher than those of CK and FS,and the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were significantly higher than those of CK.The single fruit weight of FA,FW and FZ was significantly higher than that of CK and FS,and the yield of FZ was the highest,which was 12.76%higher than that of CK.Through the analysis of grape fruit color parameters,FZ had the best coloring effect on grape peel,and the soluble sugar of the fruit increased by 14.42%,compared with CK.The vitamin C content,soluble solids and anthocyanins of FA and FW were significantly higher than those of CK,and the soluble solids and anthocyanins treated by FW were also significantly higher than those of CK.In summary,spraying organic foliar fertilizers FZ,FA and FW with Zn added had the best effect on the photosynthesis,yield and quality of grapes,indicating that the addition of Zn to foliar fertilizer could effectively enhance leaf photosynthesis,promote grape yield,and improve fruit color and quality.

关 键 词：葡萄 有机叶面肥 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学] S141[农业科学—园艺学]