南沙海域搜救可达性评估  

Search and Rescue Accessibility Assessment in the Nansha Sea

作　　者：石绍宸 吴文周[2,3] 张鹏 苏奋振 Shi Shaochen;Wu Wenzhou;Zhang Peng;Su Fenzhen(Faculty of Geomatics,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies,Nanjing 210023,China;National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学测绘与地理信息学院,兰州730070 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国南海研究协同创新中心,南京210023 [4]地理国情监测技术应用国家地方联合工程研究中心,兰州730070 [5]甘肃省地理国情监测工程实验室,兰州730070

出　　处：《热带地理》2024年第11期2015-2024,共10页Tropical Geography

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB0740300);国家自然科学基金项目(42006171)。

摘　　要：南沙群岛周边海域作为世界上最繁忙的海域之一,是海难事故的频发区,快速的海上搜救是保障人民生命财产安全的重要措施,因此,研究南沙海域的搜救可达性就显得尤为重要。文章基于乘法加权Voronoi图对南沙群岛27个岛礁的影响范围进行了划分,利用船速校正模型得到波浪场影响下船舶航行的实际速度,然后通过最短路径算法计算得到南沙海域周边5国共20个港口至该区域的加权平均可达时间,并使用多种评价指标对各国的可达性能力进行评估分析。结果显示:1)马来西亚至南沙海域的综合可达性最优,平均可达时间最短,其次是文莱、菲律宾和越南,平均可达时间均在20 h以内。而中国至该海域的可达性较差,排名最后。2)新增永暑礁港口后,中国的可达性得到显著提高,平均可达时间缩短至15.54 h,24 h覆盖范围增加了约92.0%。3)鉴于距离南沙海域较远,中国应该加强在远海岛礁建设中转基地及配套搜救设施的能力,这一举措将显著提高中国至中、远海区域的可达性。The sea surrounding the Nansha Islands is one of the busiest in the world,where maritime accidents occur frequently.During such events,rapid maritime search and rescue(SAR)operations are important for protecting lives and property of the people;therefore,it is particularly important to study SAR accessibility in the Nansha Sea.In this study,we established the influence range of 27 islands and reefs within the Nansha Islands based on a multiplicative weighted Voronoi diagram.The actual ship navigation speed under the influence of the wave field was obtained using the ship speed correction model.The shortest path algorithm was used to calculate the weighted minimum average reachable time from the study area to 20 ports across five countries surrounding the Nansha Sea.The accessibility of each country was evaluated and analyzed using various evaluation indices.Of the neighboring ports,Kota Kinabalu in Malaysia demonstrated the best accessibility to the Spratly Islands,with an average accessibility time of 18.23 h.This was followed by the ports of Mora and Belawi in Brunei,Palawan in the Philippines,Nha Trang in Vietnam,and Sandakan in Malaysia.In contrast,Chinese ports,except for Sanya,exhibited poor accessibility,with all having an average accessibility time exceeding 40 h.Among neighboring countries,Malaysia had the shortest average accessibility time of 16.26 h,followed by Brunei,the Philippines,and Vietnam,with average accessibility time of less than 19 h.China,being farther away from the study area,had an average accessibility time of over 33 h to the Nansha Sea.Based on this,we added the port of Yongshu Reef to those examined in our previous analysis and conducted scenario simulation,the average access time for China improved significantly,decreasing to15.54 h.This study aimed to provide a reference for the future dynamic deployment of maritime SAR resources in China.

关 键 词：海上搜救 可达性 加权Voronoi图 最小航行时间 南沙群岛 

分 类 号：P228.4[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]