高比例水电电力市场关键问题及其进展  

Key issues and progress in electricity markets with high proportion of hydropower

作　　者：程春田[1] 李亚鹏 李刚[1] 蔡华祥 申建建[1] 李树山[3] CHENG Chuntian;LI Yapeng;LI Gang;CAI Huaxiang;SHEN Jianjian;LI Shushan(Institute of Hydropower&Hydroinformatics,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;Kunming Power Exchange Center,Kunming 650011,China;Electric Power Dispatching and Control Center,China Southern Power Grid Company Limited,Guangzhou 510663,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学水电与水信息研究所,辽宁大连116024 [2]昆明电力交易中心有限责任公司,云南昆明650011 [3]中国南方电网电力调度控制中心,广东广州510663

出　　处：《水利学报》2024年第10期1163-1173,1186,共12页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(52039002)。

摘　　要：中国西南地区和长江流域上游开发的水电需大规模外送,在电网中的高占比使得所在区域高坝大库水电参与复杂电力市场不仅势在必行,而且充满挑战。市场化过程中如何避免结构性、竞争性弃水和缺电,如何实现对电网的有效调峰是我国水电参与电力市场的核心问题。本文概要总结了水电参与电力市场的4个关键问题,简述了巴西、北欧,中国的云南、四川以及南方电网水电参与电力市场的情况,并从实用化角度给出了水电参与电力市场的4个重要进展:水电复杂边界条件下高效建模极大提高了水电参与现货、水电竞价的求解效率,也提高了电力交易精细化水平;水电市场化边界护栏为水电参与电力市场提供了前置条件,能够提高水电对电网的保供能力;水电现货出清方法解决了包含水电的现货出清效率低、竞争性弃水、交易结果难执行等问题;水电竞价方法,为大型水电基地合理配置市场资源和减少不确定性风险,推演竞争对手的竞价行为和竞价策略,统筹考虑水电收益与调峰、生态、通航等社会责任提供了重要的可行方法。随着双碳目标加速推进,如何通过市场化发挥水电“量”的保供和“绿色”价值以及“力”的“灵活性”价值,是未来需要深入研究的关键工作。The hydropower developed in Southwest China and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River needs to be transported out on a large-scale,and its high proportion in the power grid makes it not only imperative but also challenging to participate in the complex electricity market in these regions.Core issues for hydropower participation in the electricity market include how to avoid structural and competitive water spillage and power shortages,and how to achieve effective peak regulation for the grid.This paper summarizes four key issues of hydropower participation in the electricity market,briefly outlines the situations of hydropower participation in the power market in Brazil,Northern Europe,Yunnan and Sichuan provinces of China and the Southern Power Grid of China,and presents four significant advancements from the perspective of practical application.The efficient modeling under complex boundary conditions of hydropower has greatly improved the solving efficiency of hydropower participation in spot markets and bidding competitions,enhancing the precision in power trading.Market boundary safeguards for hydropower provide prerequisites for market participation,enhancing hydropower’s supply security for the grid.The clearing method of spot market with hydropower addresses issues of low clearing efficiency,competitive water spillage,and difficult execution of transaction results in spot markets including hydropower.The hydropower bidding method offers a feasible approach to reasonably allocate market resources,reduces uncertainty risks,predict competitors’bidding behavior and strategies,and balances hydropower revenue with peak regulation,ecological,and navigation responsibilities.As the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality accelerate,key future work involves leveraging market mechanisms to maximize the supply capacity and green value of hydropower electricity,as well as the flexibility of hydropower output.

关 键 词：高比例水电 电力市场 水电竞价 水电现货出清 市场化护栏 

分 类 号：TV212[水利工程—水文学及水资源] TK79[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]