高土石坝变形监测研究进展  

Review on deformation monitoring for high earth-rock dams

作　　者：马刚[1,2] 艾志涛 郭承乾 李少林 陈华[4] 周伟[1,2] MA Gang;AI Zhitao;GUO Chengqian;Li Shaolin;CHEN Hua;ZHOU Wei(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Institute of Water Engineering Sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;CISPDR Corporation,Wuhan 430010,China;School of Geodesy and Geomatics,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]武汉大学水工程科学研究院,湖北武汉430072 [3]长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司,湖北武汉430010 [4]武汉大学测绘学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《水利学报》2024年第10期1174-1186,共13页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52322907,52179141,U23B20149,U2340232);云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202202AF080003,202202AF080004,202203AA080009);中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目(2042024kf1031,2042023kfyq03);中国电建科技项目(DJ-ZDXM-2022-01);水电水利规划设计总院有限公司科技项目(ZYGN-KW2310-051)。

摘　　要：土石坝变形协调控制对保证其全生命期安全至关重要,准确可靠的变形监测是评估大坝变形性态、进行变形控制的基础。我国土石坝设计水平与建造技术已达到世界领先水平,其建设高度已迈入300 m级,安全监测技术也得到显著提升。本文总结了土石坝变形监测技术的发展与实践,介绍了分布式光纤传感、管道监测系统、GNSS/北斗、InSAR等新型内外观变形监测技术的工作原理、应用情况、技术优势和局限性,并简述了监测资料整编工作的相关进展。最近建成和在建的几座高土石坝已初步呈现了多技术协同、测点密集化等新态势,可全方位感知土石坝变形,为大坝安全评估提供了良好的数据基础。未来需进一步提升监测仪器可靠性与寿命,研发适用于超深厚覆盖层巨型土石坝的监测技术和仪器,研究海量多源异构监测数据治理理论与方法,全面提升复杂条件下的土石坝安全监测能力和数据治理水平。The coordinated control of deformation in earth-rock dams is crucial for ensuring their safety throughout their entire lifespan.Accurate and reliable deformation monitoring is the foundation for assessing deformation behavior and implementing deformation control of earth-rock dams.The design and construction technology of the earth-rock dams in China has now achieved world-leading standards,with the height of these dams reaching the level of 300 m.Their safety monitoring technology has also seen significant advancements.This paper summarizes the development and applications of deformation monitoring technology for earth-rock dams,introducing the working principles,applications,technical advantages,and limitations of new internal and external deformation monitoring technologies such as distributed fiber optic sensing,pipeline monitoring systems,GNSS/BDS,and InSAR.The progress in the monitoring data compilation is also briefly introduced.Several recently completed and under-construction high earth-rock dams have initially formed a trend of multi-technology coordination and dense monitoring points in deformation monitoring,providing comprehensive insights into the deformation behavior of earth-rock dams and a data foundation for dam safety assessment.In the future,it is necessary to further enhance the reliability and lifespan of monitoring instruments,develop monitoring technologies suitable for mega earth-rock dams with ultra-thick overburden layers,and research theories and methods for managing massive amounts of multi-source heterogeneous monitoring data,to comprehensively improve the safety monitoring capabilities and data management of earth-rock dams under complex conditions.

关 键 词：土石坝 变形监测 多源异构数据 监测资料整编 仪器寿命 数据治理 

分 类 号：TV641.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]