2020—2022年合肥市饮用水氟化物特征、影响因素及健康风险  被引量:1

Characteristics,influencing factors and health risks of fluoride in drinking water in Hefei City,2020-2022

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作  者:张庆枝 肖长春[2] ZHANG Qingzhi;XIAO Changchun(Comprehensive Law Enforcement Supervision Institute,Hefei Municipal Health Commission,Hefei,Anhui 230092,China;Hefei Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hefei,Anhui 230092,China)

机构地区:[1]合肥市卫生健康委员会综合执法监督所,安徽合肥230092 [2]合肥市疾病预防控制中心,安徽合肥230092

出  处:《实用预防医学》2024年第9期1073-1078,共6页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘  要:目的了解合肥市生活饮用水氟化物水平、分布特征及影响因素,评估不同人群潜在健康风险。方法监测2020—2022年生活饮用水中氟化物的浓度,采用R 4.2.2软件进行分层及相关关系分析。采用美国环保署(US EPA)推荐的健康风险评估模型进行健康风险评估。结果合肥市饮用水氟化物浓度范围0.03~1.35 mg/L,中位数0.29 mg/L,其中<0.5 mg/L占95.97%,0.5~<0.7 mg/L占3.90%,0.7~<1.0 mg/L占0.09%,≥1.0 mg/L占0.04%。经比较不同年份、水期、水样类型、采样类型、消毒方式、水源类型、供水规模、区域氟化物浓度,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三年氟化物浓度呈下降趋势,丰水期高于枯水期,末梢水>出厂水>二次供水,不同消毒方式中“不消毒”的氟化物浓度高,“液氯消毒”的低。农村水高于城市水;不同水源以湖泊高,水库低;区域差异明显。饮用水氟化物与水中氯化物、硫酸盐、总硬度、耗氧量、溶解性总固体、pH等16个指标呈正相关,相关系数最大的是氯化物(r=0.533);与色度、硝酸盐氮呈弱负相关。居民经饮水摄入氟化物的非致癌风险危害系数中位数在0.086~0.201之间,均小于1;1~2岁婴幼儿氟化物非致癌风险明显高于4~5岁、6~9岁及成人;成人非致癌风险男性高于女性,1~2岁、4~5岁及6~9岁非致癌风险均是女生高于男生。结论合肥市生活饮用水氟化物浓度处于低水平;水期、消毒方式等供水的多种因素影响氟化物浓度,且氟化物浓度与水中氯化物、总硬度、pH等具有相关性;经饮水途径摄入自来水的非致癌风险处于可忽略水平,风险程度与年龄有关。Objective To investigate the fluoride levels,distribution characteristics and influencing factors in drinking water in Hefei City,and to evaluate the potential health risks for different populations.Methods The fluoride concentration in drinking water during 2020-2022 was monitored.R 4.2.2 software was used for stratification and correlation analysis.The health risk assessment model recommended by the US EPA was applied to health risk assessment.Results The fluoride concentration in drinking water in Hefei City ranged from 0.03 mg/L to 1.35 mg/L,and the median was 0.29 mg/L,of which<0.5 mg/L accounted for 95.97%,0.5-<0.7 mg/L 3.90%,0.7-<1.0 mg/L 0.09%,and≥1.0 mg/L 0.04%.There were statistically significant differences in the fluoride concentration among different years,water periods,water sample types,sampling types,disinfection modes,water source types,water supply scales and areas(all P<0.05).The fluoride concentration during 2020-2022 showed a downward trend,and it was higher in the high water period than in the low water period.The fluoride concentration in tap water was found to be the highest,followed by factory-treated water and secondary water supply.As for water treated with different disinfection methods,the fluoride concentration was higher in non-disinfected water,but lower in liquid chlorine disinfected water.The fluoride concentration was higher in rural water than in urban water.As for different water sources,the fluoride concentration was higher in water from lakes,but lower in water from reservoirs,showing an obvious regional difference.The fluoride in drinking water was positively correlated with 16 indexes like chloride,sulfate,total hardness,oxygen consumption,total dissolved solids and pH,and the largest correlation coefficient was chloride(r=0.533).The fluoride in drinking water was weakly and negatively correlated with chroma and nitrate nitrogen.The medians of non-carcinogenic risk(hazard quotient,HQ)of fluoride intake from drinking water in residents were between 0.086 and 0.201,all of

关 键 词:饮用水 氟化物 氟中毒 健康风险评估 

分 类 号:R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学]

 

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