以家庭为基本政策单位统筹谋划人口发展  

Taking the Family as the Basic Policy Unit to Overall Plan Population Development

作　　者：周皓[1] 郭冉 Zhou Hao;Guo Ran(Department of Sociology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Academy of Chinese Modernization,CA SS,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系,北京100871 [2]中国社会科学院中国式现代化研究院,北京100732

出　　处：《晋阳学刊》2024年第6期9-17,共9页Academic Journal of Jinyang

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国人口长期均衡发展关键问题研究”(项目编号:22JJD840001)。

摘　　要：家庭是人口发展和政策制定的基本单位,也承载了经济社会发展乃至文化传承的重任。在当前人口发展的背景下,我国家庭也面临若干重大挑战。第一,家庭规模持续萎缩,家庭代际结构明显收紧,家庭“原子化”进程加快。第二,人口转变过程体现出明显的“压缩式现代化”特征,人口出生率和自然增长率迅速下降,总和生育率长期低于更替水平。第三,“一老一少,一增一减”的趋势使得老年抚养压力增大。第四,流动人口维持较大规模,事实上削弱了传统家庭形态与家庭制度。因此,在制定政策统筹谋划人口发展中,应考虑以家庭为基本政策单位,构建生育友好型社会与老年友好型社会政策体系,切实保障就业、收入分配和重点人群权益,提高人民群众的生活福祉。The family is the fundamental unit for population development and policy formulation,and also carries the heavy responsibility of economic and social development,as well as cultural inheritance.In the current context of population development,Chinese families also face several major challenges.Firstly,the family size in our country continues to shrink,the intergenerational structure of families has significantly shrunk,and the process of family atomization has accelerated.Secondly,the process of population transformation exhibits obvious characteristics of"compressed modernization",with a rapid decline in birth rate and natural growth rate,and a long-term lower total fertility rate than replacement levels.Thirdly,the trend of"fewer children and aging population"has increased the pressure of elderly care.Fourthly,maintaining a large scale of floating population actually weakens traditional family forms and systems.Therefore,in formulating policies to coordinate population development,it is necessary to consider taking the family as the basic policy unit,building a policy system that is friendly to childbirth and the elderly,effectively safeguarding employment,income distribution,and the rights and interests of key groups,and improving the well-being of the people.

关 键 词：家庭结构 人口结构 人口发展 政策体系 

分 类 号：C924.2[社会学—人口学]