2006~2020年粤港澳大湾区气溶胶和臭氧垂直分布及复合污染特征  

Vertical distribution and combined pollution characteristics of aerosol and ozone in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 2006 to 2020

作　　者：王庆 邓涛[2] 吴兑 何国文[3] 张雪 欧阳珊珊 陶丽萍 张泽彪 吴晟 周振 WANG Qing;DENG Tao;WU Dui;HE Guo-wen;ZHANG Xue;OUYANG Shan-shan;TAO Li-ping;ZHANG Ze-biao;WU Cheng;ZHOU Zhen(Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-Line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China;Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction,China Meteorological Administration,Guangzhou 510640,China;School of Atmospheric Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China;Institute for Environmental and Climate Research,Jinan University,Guangzhou 511443,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学,质谱仪器与大气环境研究所,广东省大气污染在线源解析系统工程技术研究中心,广东广州510632 [2]中国气象局广州热带海洋气象研究所,广东省区域数值天气预报重点实验室,广东广州510640 [3]中山大学大气科学学院,广东珠海519082 [4]暨南大学环境与气候研究院,广东广州511443

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第11期5934-5949,共16页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3709201);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42275123);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B1111360003);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金资助项目(2023A1515012448,2023A1515012205);广东省社会发展科技协同创新项目(2024A1111120022);中国气象局重点创新团队项目(CMA2023ZD08);广东省气象局科技创新团队计划项目(GRMCTD202003)。

摘　　要：利用2006~2020年大湾区地基、高塔、探空、飞机和卫星等多源观测资料展开分析,研究气溶胶和O_(3)以及相关气象条件的三维时空变化特征,特别关注气溶胶和O_(3)垂直分布特征以及边界层低层气溶胶对O_(3)浓度影响.研究发现,2006~2020年,大湾区地表PM_(10)波动下降(-2.2μg/(m^(3)·a)),地表O_(3)和1000m内O_(3)均波动上升(+0.8μg/(m^(3)·a),+0.6μg/(m^(3)·a));地表PM_(2.5)自2014年以来波动下降(-1.5μg/(m^(3)·a)).垂直气溶胶和O_(3)分布存在差异与共性,垂直(1000m以内)气溶胶消光系数随高度上升而减少(平均变化速率为-0.06km^(-1)/hm),O_(3)浓度随高度上升而增加(平均变化速率为+1.4μg/(m^(3)·hm));共性上垂直气溶胶和O_(3)均在夏季达最低值,且两者均在春季自由对流层浓度最高.2006年以来,地表气象要素平均气温上升0.05℃/a,平均相对湿度上升0.44%/a,平均风速下降0.02m/(s?a),一定程度上可解释特定年份气溶胶和O_(3)浓度同步增长/下降;夏季受南海季风影响,边界层内相对湿度较高,而秋季边界层内温度较高和湿度适中,这种气象条件更有利于光化学反应.基于4a广州塔的O_(3)和PM_(10)同步观测结果表明,地表PM_(10)高值出现在夜间,454m的PM_(10)高值出现在午后并与454m O_(3)浓度呈强正相关,表现为午后边界层气溶胶的二次反应生成特征,以及这些二次气溶胶对光化辐射的后向散射作用可能是加剧边界层O_(3)污染的因素之一.In recent years,the concentration of particulate matter in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has decreased significantly,but O_(3)pollution has continued to increase under the background of anthropogenic emission reduction.In this study,multi-source observation data of ground-based,tower-based,ozonesonde,aircraft(IAGOS),and satellites in the Greater Bay Area from 2006 to 2020 were used to analyze the three-dimensional spatial and temporal variation characteristics of aerosols,O_(3)and related meteorological conditions,with special attention to the vertical distribution characteristics of aerosol and O_(3),and the influence of the lower part of boundary layer aerosols on O_(3)concentration.The results showed that the concentrations of surface PM_(10)decreased(-2.2μg/(m^(3)·a))from 2006 to 2020,while the concentrations of surface O_(3)and boundary layer O_(3)increased(+0.8μg/(m^(3)·a),+0.6μg/(m^(3)·a)).Surface PM_(2.5) decreased(-1.5μg/(m^(3)·a))since 2014.There were differences and commonalities between vertical aerosol and O_(3)distribution.The vertical extinction coefficient of aerosol(within 1000m)decreased with increasing height(average rate of change-0.06km-1/hm),while the O_(3)concentration increased with increasing height(average rate of change+1.4μg/(m^(3)hm)).Generally,both vertical aerosol and O_(3)reached their lowest values in summer and both reached their highest concentrations in the free troposphere in spring.Since 2006,the average surface temperature increased by 0.05℃/a,the average relative humidity increased by 0.44%/a,and the average wind speed decreased by 0.02m/(s⋅a),which to a certain extent can explain the simultaneous increase/decrease of aerosol and O_(3)concentrations in a given year.In summer,under the influence of the South China Sea monsoon,the relative humidity within the boundary layer was high,while in fall the temperature within the boundary layer was higher and the humidity was moderate,and this kind of meteorological conditions were more favorable for ph

关 键 词：粤港澳大湾区 气溶胶 臭氧 垂直分布 复合污染 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]