轻型汽车轮胎磨损颗粒物排放特征及影响因素  

Emission characteristics and influencing factors of tire wear particles from light-duty vehicles

作　　者：韩全康 陈宏飞[1] 祖雷[2] 张宇哲[3] 王运静[2] 谢沛远 朱仁成[1] HAN Quan-kang;CHEN Hong-fei;ZU Lei;ZHANG Yu-zhe;WANG Yun-jing;XIE Pei-yuan;ZHU Ren-cheng(School of Ecology and Environment,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Pollution Control and Simulation for Environmental Protection,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Institute of Atmospheric Environment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学生态与环境学院,河南郑州450001 [2]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护机动车污染控制与模拟重点实验室,北京100012 [3]中国环境科学研究院,大气环境研究所,北京100012

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第11期6018-6024,共7页China Environmental Science

基　　金：河南省高等学校重点科研项目(23A610007);中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护机动车污染控制与模拟重点实验室开放基金资助项目(VECS2022K05);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2022YSKY-05);郑州大学2023年度基础研究(自然科学)培育项目(JC23410024)。

摘　　要：为探明轮胎磨损颗粒物(TWPs)的排放特征,针对典型轻型汽车开展了基于实际道路行驶的轮胎磨损排放测试,系统分析了TWPs的理化特征及受环境温度、车辆类型、机动车整备质量和轮胎位置等因素的影响.结果表明:TWPs主要金属元素有Si、Ca和Na等,尺寸集中于5~30μm,外观呈球形、棒状、团聚及不规则等多种形状,OC/EC平均值为4.8;秋冬季TWPs平均排放因子(112.7mg/km)略高于春夏季(104.6mg/km);汽车整备质量与TWPs排放因子呈一定正相关性;电动汽车TWPs排放因子(70.2~177.6mg/km)略高于燃油汽车(54.2~155.2mg/km);轻型汽车前胎TWPs排放量平均高于后胎6%~30%;经测算,2022年全国轻型汽车TWPs年排放总量达48.1万t,高于尾气细颗粒物排放.To investigate the emission characteristics of tire wear particles(TWPs),tire wear emission tests based on the real-world driving were carried out on typical light-duty vehicles.The physicochemical characteristics of TWPs were systematically analyzed,along with the effects of environmental temperature,vehicle type,curb weight,and tyre position.The results showed that the main metallic elements in TWPs were Si,Ca,Na,etc.The sizes of TWPs were concentrated in 5~30μm and the shapes were spherical,rod-like,aggregated,and irregular,etc.The average OC/EC value was 4.8.The average emission factor of TWPs in autumn and winter(112.7mg/km)was slightly higher than those in spring and summer(104.6mg/km).A positive correlation was observed between the curb weight and the emission factor of the TWPs.The emission factors of the TWPs of electric vehicles(70.2~177.6mg/km)were slightly higher than those(54.2~155.2mg/km)of fuelled vehicles.The front tires of light-duty vehicles emitted 6%~30%more TWPs than the rear tires on average.It was estimated that the total annual TWPs emissions from light-duty vehicles in China reached 481,000 tons in 2022,exceeding the exhaust particulate matter emissions.

关 键 词：非尾气颗粒物 轮胎磨损 轻型汽车 排放因子 理化特征 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]