中国河流及湾区河口中微塑料的赋存输运特性  

Distribution characteristics and transport patterns of microplastics in rivers and estuaries of China:a review

作　　者：谌霞 李德鸿 蔡焕杰[1,2] 李小龙 曹力玮 高玮峥 SHEN Xia;LI De-hong;CAI Huan-jie;LI Xiao-long;CAO Li-wei;GAO Wei-zheng(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest Agriculture&Forestry University,Yangling 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water and Soil Engineering in Arid Regions,Ministry of Education,Northwest Agriculture&Forestry University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨陵712100 [2]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第11期6341-6353,共13页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52109101);中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目(2023T160532)。

摘　　要：本文对河流与湾区中微塑料的“源”与“汇”问题进行了分析,对比了河流,湾区中微塑料污染现状,揭示了微塑料在河流及湾区中的时空分布特征,归纳了影响微塑料输运的主要因素,总结了水动力特性对微塑料输运的影响.研究发现,微塑料在河流及湾区的优势形状主要是纤维状,且尺寸多小于1mm.受地理位置和季节性差异的影响,不同的研究区域流量及污染源不同,因此微塑料的赋存特性有一定的差异.在河流中影响微塑料输运的主要因素是水流流速与流向,流速与流向的变化使得微塑料在河流中沉降和悬浮行为循环往复.而在湾区海岸,风和潮汐在影响微塑料输运过程中起着决定性作用.未来研究中应考虑水动力特性与多因素耦合作用下微塑料的输运及分布规律.This study analyzed the“sources”and“sinks”of microplastics in rivers and estuaries,compared current microplastic pollution levels in these environments,and revealed the spatial and temporal distribution of microplastics.Moreover,it summarized the main factors affecting the transport of microplastics and examined the influence of hydrodynamic characteristics on this transport.The findings indicated that the dominant shape of microplastics in rivers and estuaries is primarily fibrous,with sizes mostly less than 1mm.Due to geographical location and seasonal differences,the flow patterns and pollution sources in different study areas vary,leading to distinct distribution characteristics of microplastics.The primary factors influencing microplastic transport in rivers were flow velocity and direction,which affected the settling and suspension behaviors of microplastics.In estuaries,wind and tides played a decisive role in the transport of microplastics.Future research should consider the transport and distribution of microplastics under the coupling effects of hydrodynamic characteristics and multiple influencing factors.

关 键 词：微塑料 河流 湾区 时空分布 输运机制 水动力特性 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]