暴雨径流对峡谷型水库水质的影响  

The influence of storm runoff on water quality of canyon reservoir

作　　者：黄康哲 薛睿康 侯毅 季刚 黄廷林[1] 文刚[1] HUANG Kang-zhe;XUE Rui-kang;HOU Yi;JI Gang;HUANG Ting-lin;WEN Gang(Shaanxi Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water Quality in Qinling Mountains,Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Quality Security Assurance of Shaanxi Province,School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,秦岭水源地水质陕西省野外科学观测研究站,陕西省水污染控制与水质安全保障协同创新中心,陕西西安710055

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第11期6387-6396,共10页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3203602)。

摘　　要：以三河口水库为代表,对2022年汛期多场暴雨径流进行实地监测,探究了不同降雨特征下的径流污染特征、径流入库潜流规律及其对水库水质的影响,并提出优质取水方案.结果表明,降雨径流中总磷和总铁以颗粒态为主,其浓度随降雨强度升高而显著升高,可分别升高至基流中浓度的19和37倍;而总氮和高锰酸盐指数以溶解态为主,其浓度与降雨强度相关性弱,仅可分别升高至基流中浓度的2.6和2.1倍.径流以等密度层潜流的形式进入库区,入库过程通常呈现温跃层潜流,并使中下层水质变差.综合考虑前期降雨指数与日降雨量可有效预测径流量,而径流量是判断主库区是否直接受暴雨径流影响的关键指标.2022-10-03的洪峰流量大于1300m^(3)/s,潜流直接进入主库区,使温跃层的总氮、总磷、总铁和高锰酸盐指数分别由1.224,0.019,0.106,3.790mg/L升高至1.511,0.079,0.828,4.320mg/L,温跃层水质超过地表水Ⅲ类标准长达半个月.工程中可通过分层取水来规避高浊度高污染源水.Sanhekou Reservoir was taken as the representative to conduct field monitoring of multiple storm runoffs in the flood season of 2022.The characteristics of runoff pollution,the law of runoff inflow and its influence on reservoir water quality under different rainfall characteristics were explored,and a high-quality water intake scheme was proposed.The results showed that the total phosphorus and total iron in rainfall runoff were mainly in the granular state,and their concentrations increased significantly with the increase of rainfall intensity,which could be increased to 19 and 37 times of the concentration in the base flow,respectively.The total nitrogen and permanganate index were mainly dissolved,and their concentrations were weakly correlated with rainfall intensity,which could only increase to 2.6 and 2.1 times of the concentration in the base flow,respectively.Runoff entered the reservoir area in the form of isopycnal undercurrent,and the inflow process usually presented thermocline undercurrent,which deteriorated the water quality of the middle and lower layers.Runoff could be effectively predicted by comprehensively considering the antecedent precipitation index and daily rainfall,and runoff was a key indicator to determine whether the main reservoir area was directly affected by storm runoff.The flood peak flow of 2022-10-03 was greater than 1300m^(3)/s,and the subsurface flow directly entered the main reservoir area,which increased the total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total iron and permanganate index of the thermocline from 1.224,0.019,0.106,3.790mg/L to 1.511,0.079,0.828,4.320mg/L,respectively.The water quality of the thermocline exceeded the ClassⅢstandard of surface water for half a month.In the project,high turbidity and high pollution source water could be avoided by stratified water intake.

关 键 词：水源水库 降雨径流 径流污染 入库潜流 优质取水 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]