非圆齿轮驱动式玉米直插穴播机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Non-circular Gear-driven Maize Hole Seeder with Vertical Insertion

作　　者：石林榕 赵武云 孙步功 戴飞 辛尚龙 孙伟 冯斌 SHI Linrong;ZHAO Wuyun;SUN Bugong;DAI Fei;XIN Shanglong;SUN Wei;FENG Bin(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学机电工程学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第10期157-167,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52065004、52365030);兰州市青年科技人才创新项目(2023-QN-146);甘肃省教育厅高校科研创新平台重大培育项目(2024CXPT-15);甘肃省科技专员专项(23CXGA0066);甘肃省农机研发制造推广应用一体化试点项目(3-3);甘肃农业大学人才专项(GAU-KYQD-2020-33)。

摘　　要：针对西北旱区现有直插穴播机前进速度补偿机构运行不平稳、运转空间尺寸较大等问题,提出一种非圆齿轮驱动式前进速度补偿机构,基于此研制一种新型玉米直插穴播机。对整机结构组成、工作原理和技术参数进行阐述;对前进速度补偿机构和穴播器进行深入理论分析。优化得当穴距为330 mm、前进速度为0.5 m/s和播深为45 mm时前进速度补偿机构传动比和中心距,基于此生成非圆齿轮机构前进速度补偿机构。结合玉米种子尺寸确定取种轮上异形窝眼结构尺寸范围,并优化得当异形窝眼宽度为11.79 mm、异形窝眼高度为7.23 mm、异形窝眼开口角为15°时排种效果较好。田间验证试验结果表明,穴播机空穴率、穴粒数合格率、播种深度合格率平均值分别为2.0%、90.1%和92.3%;成穴器破膜膜孔较小,膜孔错位率为4.3%;成穴器水平方向土壤扰动量平均值为15 g,垂直方向为25 g。试验结果满足西北旱区玉米直插播种实际要求。Aiming at the problems of unstable operation of the forward speed compensation mechanism of existing direct insertion planter in the northwest dry zone and large size of the running space,a non-circular gear-driven forward speed compensation mechanism was proposed,based on which a type of maize hole seeder with vertical insertion was developed.The structural composition,working principle and technical parameters of the whole machine were described;the forward speed compensation mechanism and the hole seeder were analyzed in depth theoretically.When the hole spacing was 330 mm,the forward speed was 0.5 m/s and the sowing depth was 45 mm,the transmission ratio and the center distance of the forward speed compensation mechanism were optimized,based on which the non-circular gear-driven forward speed compensation mechanism was generated.Combined with the size of maize seeds to determine the size range of the shaped eye structure on the seed picker wheel,and the optimized result showed that when the width of the shaped eye was 11.79 mm,the height of the shaped eye was 7.23 mm,and the opening angle of the shaped eye was 15°,the effect of seed discharge was better.From the field validation experiment,it can be seen that the hole seeder empty hole rate,hole number qualified rate,sowing depth qualified rate average value were 2.0%,90.1%and 92.3%,respectively;the membrane holes the device broke were smaller,the membrane holes misalignment rate was 4.3%;the device disturbed average amount of soil disturbance in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction was 15 g and 25 g,respectively.The results can meet the actual requirements of maize direct sowing in dry region of Northwest China.

关 键 词：玉米直插穴播机 非圆齿轮 试验 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]