气力式油菜精量排种器管路负压监测系统研究  

Pipeline Negative Pressure Monitoring System of Pneumatic Precision Seed Dispenser for Rape

作　　者：李兆东 谢瑞 王天琪 张甜 刘立超[1,2] 陈永新 LI Zhaodong;XIE Rui;WANG Tianqi;ZHANG Tian;LIU Lichao;CHEN Yongxin(School of Engineering,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery,Hefei 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学工学院,合肥230036 [2]安徽省智能农机装备工程研究中心,合肥230036

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第10期180-189,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2301402);安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(202204c06020071)。

摘　　要：针对油菜气力式精量排种器种子精准吸附过程中因配气管路负压实时监测困难且易导致排种性能下降问题,设计了一种基于虚拟仪器技术的油菜多行精量排种管路负压同步监测系统。以压力传感器为测量元件实时采集干、支管路负压,NI-9205型数采卡为数据采集模块,电动阀门对干路负压进行控制,在LabVIEW软件中进行压力转换和数据实时显示、分析、保存以及故障报警等。对管路负压监测系统精度进行了标定,结果表明:当种盘转速为20~60 r/min、阀门开度为18.3%~33.5%(干路静态负压1000~3000 Pa)时,监测系统监测值与风压计实测值相对偏差均不大于3.63%,负压稳定性变异系数不大于2.97%。台架试验结果表明,当种盘转速为20~60 r/min、阀门开度为18.3%~33.5%(1000~3000 Pa)时,具有锥柱锥列式配气机构短程配气系统负压损失率不大于18.99%,支路负压均匀性变异系数不大于2.3%,各行排量一致性变异系数不大于4.27%。田间试验结果表明,当播种作业种盘转速分别为23.1、34.2、44.5 r/min时,负压损失率均不大于18.75%,支路负压均匀性变异系数不大于2.95%,各行排量一致性变异系数不大于4.52%。该研究为解析气力式油菜精量排种器种子精准吸附及稳定运移机制与优化改进配气管路布局提供技术支撑。Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to monitor the negative pressure in the air distribution pipeline in real time and it is easy to lead to the decline of seeding performance in the process of precise seed adsorption of rapeseed rape pneumatic precision seed metering device,a synchronised monitoring system for the negative pressure in rapeseed rape multiline precision seeding pipeline based on virtual instrumentation technology was designed.Pressure sensor as a measuring element for real-time collection of negative pressure of main and branch pipelines,NI-9205 digital acquisition card as a data acquisition module,the electric valve was used to control the negative pressure of main pipeline,and the LabVIEW software was used for the conversion,real-time display,analysis,preservation,fault alarms of the pressure value and so on.The accuracy of the pipeline negative pressure monitoring system was calibrated,and the results showed that under the condition that the rotational speed of the seeding plate was 20~60 r/min,and the valve opening was 18.3%~33.5%(the static negative pressure of the main pipeline was 1000~3000 Pa),the monitoring value of the monitoring system and the measured value of the wind manometer were not more than 3.63%,and the coefficient of variation of the stability of the negative pressure was not more than 2.97%.Bench test showed that under the conditions of 20~60 r/min rotational speed of the seeding plate and 18.3%~33.5%valve opening(1000~3000 Pa),the negative pressure loss rate of the short-distance air distribution system with the cone-column and cone-column air distribution mechanism was not more than 18.99%,the coefficient of variation of the uniformity of the negative pressure of the branch was not more than 2.3%,and the relative deviation of the coefficient of variation of each row did not exceed 4.27%.The field test showed that when the rotational speed of the seeding plate of the seeding operation was 23.1 r/min,34.2 r/min,and 44.5 r/min,respectively,the negative pressure loss rat

关 键 词：油菜种子 气力式精量排种器 监测系统 管路负压 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]