文学民族志:中国社会学家的乡土叙事——《金翼》与《茧》的文本进路  

Literary Ethnography:the Local Narrative of Chinese Sociologists—the Textual Approach of Golden Wings and Cocoons

作　　者：谷家荣[1] 罗明军 GU Jiarong;LUO Mingjun(School of Law and Sociology,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China;School of Ethnology and Sociology,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学法学与社会学学院,云南昆明650500 [2]云南大学民族学与社会学学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《吉首大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期99-109,共11页Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD212)。

摘　　要：中国著名社会学家林耀华和费孝通在青年时代各自基于自己家乡经验事实写成的乡土小说《金翼》和《茧》,首开中国社会人类学文学民族志新章,破解了长期困扰世界人类学学人的表述难题。林耀华和费孝通领创的文学民族志属于一种镜像社会事实的现实主义小说叙事方法。它以形而下的实在经验为基础,文本叙述见人见事,通过活着的人和进展的事精致陈述出一幕幕艺术实在,从而把“理”大广角地入透到人们的日常生活世界。这一书写范式由两个基本的要素构成:其一,类型学意义的生活原型。文学民族志文本所述的人物故事要能大致对接到真实的复数生活原型,它要求书写者从田野作业到文本书写过程都应该尽可能地坚守事实,以确保历史过往的真实本位。其二,依凭社会事实进行文学翻版。文学民族志的人物必须活在故事里,情节故事通过活着的人完整铺陈叙事,把板脸说理的学术行为转化为有命态的过程事件,把学术说理精巧地嵌入到有机的人与事之间,依随发生发展的人物故事本命来通明理论学理。这一叙事范式真正铸就了中国社会学的本土化发展,实质性推动了世界人类学的“他者”书写。The two local novels,Golden Wings and Cocoon,written by famous Chinese sociologists Lin Yaohua and Fei Xiaotong respectively in their youth based on the experience and facts of their hometowns,opened a new chapter of literature ethnography in Chinese social anthropology and solved the long-term problem of expression for anthropologist scholars.The literary ethnography created by Lin Yaohua and Fei Xiaotong belongs to a realistic novel narrative method that mirrors social facts.Based on real experience,the text narrates people and things,and exquisitely describes artistic reality through living people and progressing things,thereby widely penetrating"theory"into people's daily life.This narrative paradigm has two basic elements.The first is the life prototype in the sense of typology.The characters and stories described in literary ethnographic texts must be able to roughly connect with the real and plural life archetypes.It requires writers to adhere to the facts as much as possible from fieldwork to the text writing process to ensure the authenticity of the historical past.The second is the literary reproduction based on social facts.The characters of literary ethnography must live in the story.The plots and stories are completely laid out by the narrative of the living people,thus the serious academic theory is transformed into sequential events,delicately embedded in the living people and things,making it understood according to the characters that occur and develop in the stories.This narrative paradigm has truly created the localized development of Chinese sociology and substantively promoted the writing of"other"in world anthropology.

关 键 词：文学民族志 生活原型 乡土叙事 费孝通 林耀华 《茧》 《金翼》 

分 类 号：I206.7[文学—中国文学] C91[经济管理]