基本公共服务助力脱贫户增收:内在机理与效应测度  

Basic Public Services Assisting Income Increase of Poverty Eradication Households:Internal Mechanism and Effect Measure

作　　者：平卫英[1,2] 陈婧钰 PING Wei-ying;CHEN Jing-yu(Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang 330013;Nanchang Normal University,Nanchang 330032,China)

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学统计与数据科学学院,江西南昌330013 [2]江西财经大学应用统计研究中心,江西南昌330013 [3]南昌师范学院数学与信息科学学院,江西南昌330032

出　　处：《江西财经大学学报》2024年第5期81-93,共13页Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“后扶贫时代中国城乡相对贫困统计测度与治理机制研究”(20&ZD131);国家社会科学基金重点项目“乡村振兴的绩效测度研究”(22AZD138);江西财经大学第十八届学生科研课题“基本公共服务促进农民农村共同富裕的理论机制与实证研究”(20231015081914878)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：脱贫户作为巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接的重点关注对象,基于西部某省1283户脱贫户的实地调查数据,运用非参数统计和倾向得分匹配法(PSM)分析各项基本公共服务影响脱贫户家庭各类收入的机理和效应差异。研究发现:第一,基本公共教育和基本劳动就业通过人力资本积累促进家庭工资性收入的增加,且基本公共教育的增收效应强于基本劳动就业;第二,基本社会保险和基本社会服务通过再分配正向影响家庭转移性收入并有助于缩小收入差距,且基本社会服务的作用显著大于基本社会保险;第三,基本劳动就业的就业技能培训和基本住房保障服务的危房改造通过提高创业能力、改善创业条件正向影响家庭经营性收入,且就业技能培训的效果更为突出。此外,基本劳动就业的增收效应在不同收入类型和户主文化程度上表现出异质性。因此,未来应着力提高农村地区义务教育质量、普及基本劳动就业服务、加大社保再分配功能和完善低保制度,以进一步发挥基本公共服务对脱贫户增收的积极作用。As a key focus of consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and effectively connecting them with rural revitalization,poverty eradication households should be given special attention.Based on the field survey data from 1283 poverty eradication households in a western province,this paper uses non-parametric statistics and propensity score matching(PSM)method to analyze the mechanism and the differences in the effects of various basic public services affecting the income of poverty eradication households.The findings show that:first,the basic public education and the basic labor employment can promote the increase of household wage income through human capital accumulation,and the income increase effect of the basic public education is stronger than that of the basic labor employment.Second,the basic social insurance and the basic social services have a positive impact on household transfer income and play a role in narrowing the income gap through redistribution,and the role of the basic social services is significantly greater than that of the basic social insurance.Third,the employment skills training of the basic labor employment and the renovation of dilapidated houses of the basic housing security services have a positive impact on household operating income by enhancing entrepreneurial ability and improving entrepreneurial conditions,and the income increase effect of the employment skills training is more prominent.In addition,the income-enhancing effects of the basic employment services show heterogeneity in different income types and householders'education levels.The above research provides new insights for further optimizing and improving the basic public service policies with the goal of common prosperity.

关 键 词：基本公共服务 增收效应 非参数统计 倾向得分匹配法 

分 类 号：F014[经济管理—政治经济学]