金融监管规章作为商事习惯进入审判的路径研究  

Research on the Path of Financial Regulatory Regulations as Commercial Habits Entering Commercial Trials

作　　者：周善昭 刘盛 ZHOU Shan-zhao;LIU Sheng(South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学法学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《江西财经大学学报》2024年第5期123-136,共14页Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“金融监管透明度法治保障研究”(21CFX083)。

摘　　要：全国法院金融审判工作会议明确了金融监管规章可以借由《民法典》第153条关于“强制性规定”与“公序良俗”否定金融合同效力,但该路径在司法实践中产生了授权立法通道的授权模式模糊、强制性规定的区分标准不一、金融领域公序良俗内涵难以界定、违反规章与损害公序良俗的关系认定困难、事后负面评价合同不足以防范金融风险等问题。金融商事审判应以金融市场整体交易机制和交易习惯的机理为第一考量,始终将维护交易作为核心的制度价值。通过商事习惯这一路径更符合当代金融法的契约治理理念、更契合金融监管和司法共治的趋势、更能够丰富中国金融商法规范体系。应当发挥司法判例制度对金融商事习惯识别的指引作用,严守作为商事习惯的规章类型划分,最终构建事前正面规制与事后负面评价相结合的“商事习惯—公序良俗”规章司法适用路径。The National Conference on Financial Trial Work of Courts has clarified that financial regulatory regulations can negate the effectiveness of financial contracts through Article 153 of the Civil Code on“mandatory provisions”and“public order and good customs”.However,in judicial practice,this path has encountered issues such as unclear authorization models for authorized legislative channels,inconsistent standards for distinguishing mandatory provisions,difficulties in defining the connotation of public order and good customs in the financial field,difficulties in identifying the relationship between violating regulations and damaging public order and good customs,as well as constraints in post event negative evaluation of contracts to prevent financial risks.Financial and commercial trials should prioritize the overall trading mechanism and trading habits of the financial markets,and always regard maintaining transactions as the core institutional value.The path of commercial customs is more in line with the contract governance concept of contemporary financial law,the trend of financial regulation and judicial co governance,and can enrich the regulatory system of China's financial and commercial law.This article believes that the judicial precedent system should play a guiding role in identifying financial and commercial customs,strictly adhere to the classification of regulatory types as commercial customs,and ultimately construct a“commercial customs--public order and good customs”regulatory judicial application path that combines the positive regulation before the incident and the negative evaluation after the incident.

关 键 词：金融监管规章 金融司法 商事习惯 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]