建筑用聚氨酯保温材料的制备及性能研究  

Study on Preparation and Properties of Polyurethane Insulation Materials for Building

作　　者：张小涛 李晨波 ZHANG Xiao-tao;LI Chen-bo(Gansu Institute of Mechanical&Electrical Engineering,Tianshui 741001,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃机电职业技术学院,甘肃天水741001

出　　处：《塑料科技》2024年第10期100-103,共4页Plastics Science and Technology

摘　　要：为拓展聚氨酯泡沫塑料的应用场景,使用一步涂覆工艺,在聚氨酯泡沫塑料基体上涂覆一层木质素阻燃剂薄涂层,同时添加膨胀石墨,制备具有协效阻燃特性的生物质基聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料。结果表明:在聚氨酯泡沫塑料基体中添加膨胀石墨并涂覆木质素阻燃剂薄涂层后,材料的物理力学性能、热稳定性和阻燃性能均得到较大改善,导热性能轻微上升。当在基体中添加膨胀石墨并涂覆质量浓度为30%的木质素阻燃剂时,生物质基阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料密度可达45.3 kg/m^(3),材料压缩强度提高233%,导热系数提高55.6%,初始热分解温度为291℃,质量保留率提高248%,材料氧指数提高至33.7%,热释放速率峰值为83.2 kW/m^(2),到达热速率释放峰值时间为21.2 s,材料防火安全系数大幅度上升。结果表明,添加膨胀石墨和涂覆木质素阻燃剂薄涂层可显著提高材料的阻燃性能。In order to expand the application scenarios of polyurethane foam,a one-step coating process was used in this study to prepare biomass-based polyurethane foam insulation material with co-efficent flame retardancy by coating a thin layer of lignin flame retardant on polyurethane foam substrate and adding expanded graphite.The results show that the physical and mechanical properties,thermal stability and flame retardancy of polyurethane foamed plastics are greatly improved by adding expanded graphite and coated with lignin flame retardant,and the thermal conductivity is slightly increased.When expanded graphite was added to the substrate and lignin flame retardant with a mass concentration of 30%was coated,the density of biomas-based flame retardant polyurethane foam could reach 45.3 kg/m^(3),its compression strength was increased by 233%,the thermal conductivity of the material was increased by 55.6%,the initial thermal decomposition temperature was 291℃,and the mass retention was increased by 248%.The material oxygen index was increased to 33.7%,the peak heat release rate was 83.2 kW/m^(2),the time to reach the peak heat release rate was 21.2 s,and the material fire safety factor was greatly increased.The results show that the addition of expanded graphite and thin coating with lignin flame retardant can significantly improve the flame retardancy of the material.

关 键 词：聚氨酯 膨胀石墨 木质素阻燃剂 力学性能 阻燃性能 

分 类 号：TQ328.3[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]