防爆锂离子电源电池管理系统分析与应用  

Analysis and Application of Explosion Proof Lithium Ion Power Battery Management System

作　　者：徐伟巍 武星军 丁建旭 刘柏清 Xu Weiwei;Wu Xingjun;Ding Jianxu;Liu Baiqing(Guangzhou Institute of Special Equipment Inspection and Research,Guangzhou 518057,China;China National Quality Inspection and Testing Center of Explosion-proof Equipment(Guangdong),Guangzhou 510760,China)

机构地区：[1]广州特种设备检测研究院,广州518057 [2]国家防爆设备质量检验检测中心(广东),广州510760

出　　处：《机电工程技术》2024年第10期203-207,共5页Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目(2022MK148);广东省市场监督管理局科技项目(2024CT19)。

摘　　要：电池的最高表面温度等于环境温度和温升之和,防爆锂离子蓄电池电源标准规定单体电池和电池组的工作温度不超过60℃,由于季节变化环境温度变化较大,对应的温升也有很大差别。高温环境下,锂离子电池的温升余量非常有限。为了研究温升与放电倍率的关系,搭建了电池放电试验装置,研究了放电倍率对三元锂离子电池表面温升的影响,结果表明:4C放电条件下温升为36.5℃,5C放电条件下温升为47.4℃,6C放电条件下温升为58.1℃。同时对比了其他三元锂电池的温升试验,试验结果一致性较好。对电池的各项参数进行实时监控,限制充放电倍率降低电池的温升和最高表面温度,防止电池热失控是电池管理系统的核心。提出BMS要综合考虑温度保护和过流保护,避免以“小马拉大车”大倍率放电方式配置电池,对保证电池的安全运行十分必要。The maximum surface temperature of a battery is equal to the sum of the ambient temperature and temperature rise.The standard for explosion-proof lithium-ion battery power supply stipulates that the working temperature of individual cells and battery packs should not exceed 60℃.Due to the significant changes in environmental temperature caused by seasonal variations,the corresponding temperature rise also varies greatly.In high temperature environments,the temperature rise margin of lithium-ion batteries is very limited.In order to study the relationship between temperature rise and discharge rate,a battery discharge test device is built to investigate the effect of discharge rate on the surface temperature rise of ternary lithium-ion batteries.The results show that the temperature rise is 36.5℃under 4 C discharge conditions,47.4℃under 5 C discharge conditions,and 58.1℃under 6 C discharge conditions.At the same time,the temperature rise test of other ternary lithium batteries is compared,and the test results show good consistency.Real time monitoring of various parameters of the battery,limiting the charging and discharging rate to reduce the temperature rise and maximum surface temperature of the battery,and preventing thermal runaway of the battery are the core of the battery management system.It is necessary to consider both temperature protection and overcurrent protection in BMS,and avoid configuring batteries with high rate discharge in a"small horse pulling a big car"manner to ensure the safe operation of the battery.

关 键 词：防爆锂离子电池 电池管理系统 充电均衡 放电倍率 表面温升 

分 类 号：TM91[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]