基于电磁感应原理的冲击试验技术  

Impact testing technique based on the principle of electromagnetic induction

作　　者：陈旭 李子祺 吴亚东 王靖博 李玉龙[1,3,4] 郭亚洲 CHEN Xu;LI Ziqi;WU Yadong;WANG Jingbo;LI Yulong;GUO Yazhou(School of Aeronautics,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,Shaanxi,China;Beijing Institute of Aerospace System Engineering,Beijing 100076,China;Shaanxi Impact Dynamics and Engineering Application Laboratory,Xi’an 710072,Shaanxi China;School of Civil Aviation,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学航空学院,陕西西安710072 [2]北京宇航系统工程研究所,北京100076 [3]陕西省冲击动力学及工程应用重点实验室,陕西西安710072 [4]西北工业大学民航学院,陕西西安710072

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2024年第11期157-168,共12页Explosion and Shock Waves

摘　　要：基于电磁感应的基本原理,构建了一种由电磁力驱动产生高幅值长脉宽加速度载荷的冲击试验装置,弥补了现阶段地面冲击试验技术的缺陷。使用电磁Hopkinson杆进行了加速度冲击试验,得到了应力和加速度载荷。根据一维应力波原理,推导出细长杆中加速度与应力之间的关系式,计算结果表明试验值和理论值吻合较好,验证了试验方法的准确性。使用COMSOL有限元软件对电磁Hopkinson杆加速度冲击试验进行了数值模拟,模拟结果与试验结果一致性较好,验证了数值模型和方法的准确性。基于此有限元模型,构建了产生高幅值长脉宽加速度载荷的冲击试验装置,并对该装置进行了不同电压和电容下的数值模拟。结果表明,提出的试验装置能够产生长脉宽高幅值的加速度过载环境,且电容电压越大则加速度幅值越大,电容值越大加速度脉宽越宽。通过调控装置中的电路参数,可产生不同幅值和脉宽的加速度载荷。Based on the basic principles of electromagnetic induction,an impact device is proposed that generates high-amplitude and long-pulse acceleration loads driven by electromagnetic forces.The impact device goes to make up for the shortcomings of the current stage of ground impact test technology.The disadvantages of the current stage of ground impact test technology include mainly time-consuming,high cost,low repeatability and controllability,and it is difficult to continuously improve the pulse width of acceleration load.Acceleration impact tests were performed using an electromagnetic Hopkinson bar,and the working process of the device from the generation of electromagnetic force to its transformation into impact load was analyzed.In the acceleration impact test,the stress on the bar was obtained by strain gauges and the acceleration loads at the end of the bar were obtained by acceleration transducers.A plurality of test results without loss of repeatability.The classical one-dimensional stress wave theory for predicting the relationship between acceleration and stress in slender bars is developed.Comparative analysis against experimental data are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present approach.The electromagnetic Hopkinson bar acceleration impact test was numerically simulated using COMSOL finite element software,and the simulation results showed good consistency with the experimental results,indicating that the numerical model could simulate this kind of impact test more accurately and verifying the accuracy of the numerical model.Based on this finite element model,an impact device that generates high-amplitude,long-pulse acceleration is proposed,and numerical simulations of the device are carried out at different voltages and capacitances.The simulation results show that the device is able to generate the required acceleration.The acceleration amplitude increases with increasing capacitance voltage and the acceleration pulse width increases with increasing capacitance value.By regulating the

关 键 词：电磁感应 电磁Hopkinson杆 高幅值长脉宽 冲击试验 

分 类 号：O389[理学—流体力学]