A Systematic Literature Review on Blockchain Consensus Mechanisms’ Security: Applications and Open Challenges  

作　　者：Muhammad Muntasir Yakubu Mohd Fadzil B Hassan Kamaluddeen Usman Danyaro Aisha Zahid Junejo Muhammed Siraj Saidu Yahaya Shamsuddeen Adamu Kamal Abdulsalam 

机构地区：[1]Department of Computer and Information Science,Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,Perak,32610,Malaysia [2]Department of Information Technology,Faculty of Computing,Federal University Dutsin-Ma,Katsina,5001,Nigeria [3]Institute of Autonomous Systems,Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,Perak,32610,Malaysia [4]Institut für Luftfahrtsysteme,Universität Stuttgart,Stuttgart,70569,Germany [5]Department of Computer Science,Academic City University College,Agbogba,Accra,421,Ghana [6]Department of Mathematical Sciences,National University of the Center of the Province of Buenos Aires,Pinto,Tandil,399,Argentina

出　　处：《Computer Systems Science & Engineering》2024年第6期1437-1481,共45页计算机系统科学与工程（英文）

基　　金：funded by Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS and grants(YUTP-PRG:015PBC-011).

摘　　要：This study conducts a systematic literature review(SLR)of blockchain consensus mechanisms,an essential protocols that maintain the integrity,reliability,and decentralization of distributed ledger networks.The aim is to comprehensively investigate prominent mechanisms’security features and vulnerabilities,emphasizing their security considerations,applications,challenges,and future directions.The existing literature offers valuable insights into various consensus mechanisms’strengths,limitations,and security vulnerabilities and their real-world applications.However,there remains a gap in synthesizing and analyzing this knowledge systematically.Addressing this gap would facilitate a structured approach to understanding consensus mechanisms’security and vulnerabilities comprehensively.The study adheres to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines and computer science standards and reviewed 3749 research papers from 2016 to 2024,excluding grey literature,resulting in 290 articles for descriptive analysis.The research highlights an increased focus on blockchain consensus security,energy efficiency,and hybrid mechanisms within 60%of research papers post-2019,identifying gaps in scalability,privacy,and interoperability for future exploration.By synthesizing the existing research and identifying the key trends,this SLR contributes to advancing the understanding of blockchain consensus mechanisms’security and guiding future research and structured innovation in blockchain systems and applications.

关 键 词：Blockchain consensus mechanisms supply chain management proof of work(PoW) proof of stake(PoS) practical byzantine fault tolerance(PBFT) 

分 类 号：TP311.13[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论]