从洗浴除邪到洗法疗疾论《金匮要略》百合洗方的成方背景  

Discussion on the composition background of Baihe Washing Formula in Synopsis of Golden Chamber from exorcising evil through bathing to the therapeutic use of washing methods

作　　者：徐爽 钟相根 XU Shuang;ZHONG Xianggen(School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China;State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学中医学院,北京100029 [2]道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京100700

出　　处：《中华中医药杂志》2024年第10期5203-5206,共4页China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy

基　　金：中央本级重大增减支项目“名贵中药资源可持续利用能力建设项目”(No.2060302-2301-16);全国中医临床优秀人才研修项目(No.国中医药人教函[2022]239号);北京中医药大学教育科学研究课题项目(No.XJZX2019)。

摘　　要：首载于《金匮要略》的百合病以一系列神志异常为特点,用以“洗身”的百合洗方是其唯一的外治法。较之于张仲景其他外洗方,该方的外洗部位与症状表现无关、用水量少、不需煎煮且未交代使用方法频次,种种特殊有待解答。文章从其成方背景入手,对洗法的源头进行考察,发现由水的清洁作用衍生出的仪式性净化,即洗浴除邪的仪式在先秦十分常见。洗法进入医疗活动治疗神志异常或就来自巫医融合时期的特殊认识,即水能除邪而神志疾病又往往责之于鬼神恶邪,这在《五十二病方》等出土及传世医籍中均有体现。百合洗方或是从除邪仪式到医疗活动的过渡与融合,是洗法的仪式性净化作用遗留在医疗活动中的代表。Baihe disease,first published in Synopsis of Golden Chamber,is characterized by a series of mental abnormalities.Baihe Washing Formula used to‘wash the body’is the only external treatment for Baihe disease.Compared with other external washing prescriptions of ZHANG Zhongjing,Baihe washing prescription has the following characteristics:the external washing part has nothing to do with the symptoms,uses less water,does not need to be decocted,and does not explain the frequency of use.The above-mentioned particularities need to be explained.This paper starts with its formation background.The investigation of the source of the washing method found that ritual purification derived from the cleaning effect of water,that is,the ritual of exorcism through bathing,was very common in the pre Qin period.Washing method entered medical activities to treat mental disorders may lie in the cognition in the era of witch doctor integration:water can drive out evil spirits,and abnormal consciousness is often attributed to the evil spirits.This is reflected in the unearthed and received medical books such as Prescriptions for Fifty-Two Disease.Baihe Washing Formula may be the transition and integration from exorcism to medical activities,and it is the representative formula of the ritual purification effect of washing method left over in medical activities.

关 键 词：百合洗方 洗法 神志异常 《金匮要略》 

分 类 号：R289.1[医药卫生—方剂学]