2011-2022年海曙区手足口病流行特征  

Epidemiological characteristics of hand,foot,and mouth disease in Haishu District from 2011 to 2022

作　　者：肖文强 包凯芳 李保军 张言武 童思未[1] 陈奕[2] XIAO Wenqiang;BAO Kaifang;LI Baojun;ZHANG Yanwu;TONG Siwei;CHEN Yi(Department of Infectious Disease Control,Haishu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315000,China;Ningbo Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315000,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波市海曙区疾病预防控制中心疾病控制科,浙江宁波315000 [2]宁波市疾病预防控制中心,浙江宁波315000

出　　处：《预防医学》2024年第11期976-979,共4页China Preventive Medicine Journal

基　　金：宁波市医疗卫生高端团队重大攻坚项目(2023020713)。

摘　　要：目的分析2011—2022年浙江省宁波市海曙区手足口病流行特征,为制定手足口病防控措施提供依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2011—2022年海曙区手足口病病例资料,采用描述性流行病学方法分析手足口病病例的流行特征和病原学特征,采用年度变化百分比(APC)分析手足口病发病率、病原学阳性率变化趋势。结果2011—2022年海曙区共报告手足口病例33334例,年均报告发病率为279.16/10万,总体无明显变化趋势(APC=-5.492%,P>0.05),肠道病毒71型疫苗上市后(2017—2022年)手足口病年均报告发病率为219.69/10万,低于疫苗上市前(2011—2016年)的343.70/10万(P<0.05)。手足口病发病具有季节性,5—7月为发病高峰。男性病例19720例,女性13614例,男女比为1.45∶1。年龄最小27 d,最大63岁,以≤5岁儿童为主,30657例占91.97%。2011—2022年海曙区共采集手足口病病例标本1976份,检出肠道病毒阳性标本1509份,阳性率为76.37%。2011—2022年肠道病毒71型阳性率呈下降趋势(APC=-32.599%,P<0.05),柯萨奇病毒A组16型阳性率呈上升趋势(APC=9.226%,P<0.05),其他肠道病毒阳性率无明显变化趋势(APC=0.808%,P>0.05)。结论2011—2022年海曙区手足口病年均报告发病率在肠道病毒71型疫苗上市后有所下降,春夏季高发,≤5岁儿童为高发人群,柯萨奇病毒A组16型为主要型别。Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)in Hai⁃shu District,Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province from 2011 to 2022,so as to provide the basis for the formulation of HFMD prevention and control strategies.Methods Data of HFMD in Haishu District from 2011 to 2022 were collect⁃ed from Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System,and the epidemiological and etiological characteris⁃tics were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method.The trends in incidence of HFMD and prevalence of positive etiological tests were analyzed using annual percent change(APC).Results A total of 33334 cases of HFMD were reported in Haishu District from 2011 to 2022,with an average annual reported incidence of 279.16/105,showing no significant trend(APC=-5.492%,P>0.05).The average annual reported incidence of HFMD was lower after the enterovirus 71 vaccine was launched(from 2017 to 2022)than before(from 2011 to 2016;219.69/105 vs.343.70/105,P<0.05).The incidence of HFMD showed seasonal characteristics,with a peak from May to July.There were 19720 male and 13614 female cases,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.45∶1.The age of the HFMD cases ranged from 27 days to 63 years old,and the children aged 5 years and below were predominant(30657 cases,91.97%).A total of 1976 specimens of HFMD cases were collected from 2011 to 2022,and 1509 enterovirus positive specimens were detected,with a positive rate of 76.37%.The positive rates of enterovirus 71 decreased(APC=-32.599%,P<0.05),the positive rates of coxsackievirus A16 increased(APC=9.226%,P<0.05),while the positive rates of other enteroviruses showed no significant change(APC=0.808%,P>0.05).Conclusions The average annual reported incidence of HFMD in Haishu District from 2011 to 2022 decreased after the enterovirus 71 vaccine was launched,with a peak in spring and summer.Children aged 5 years and below were the high-incidence population,and coxsackievirus A16 was the main serotype.

关 键 词：手足口病 流行特征 肠道病毒71型 柯萨奇病毒A组16型 

分 类 号：R725.1[医药卫生—儿科]