广西恩城黑叶猴的日活动节律及活动时间分配  

The Activity Patterns and Time Budgets of the François’Langur in Encheng,Guangxi

作　　者：王景 黄乘明[1,2,3] 范鹏来[1,2,3] 赵家新 黄容 李文华 李俊 姚维 周岐海 WANG Jing;HUANG Chengming;FAN Penglai;ZHAO Jiaxin;HUANG Rong;LI Wenhua;LI Jun;YAO Wei;ZHOU Qihai(Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection,Ministry of Education,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin,541006,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin,541006,China;The Chongzuo White-headed Langur Field Observation and Research Station of Guangxi,Chongzuo,532200,China;Encheng National Nature Reserve,Chongzuo,558400,China)

机构地区：[1]珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室(广西师范大学),桂林541006 [2]广西珍稀濒危动物生态学重点实验室(广西师范大学),桂林541006 [3]崇左白头叶猴野外科学观测研究站,崇左532200 [4]恩城国家级自然保护区,崇左558400

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2024年第4期691-698,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32270504,32170492)。

摘　　要：黑叶猴(Trachypithecus francoisi)为喀斯特石山生境特有的珍稀濒危非人灵长类动物,其种群面临严重的人为干扰,栖息地严重破碎化。2019年7月—2020年6月,以恩城国家级自然保护区的一群黑叶猴为研究对象,通过收集其活动节律和活动时间分配数据来探究黑叶猴对破碎化石山生境的行为适应。结果表明:恩城黑叶猴日活动高峰出现在07:00—11:00和18:00—19:00。各活动的高峰期存在明显的季节性差异,与旱季相比,雨季上午的觅食高峰期提前约1 h,而下午的觅食高峰期延后约1 h,上午和下午的移动高峰期均提前约2 h。在恩城黑叶猴的日活动时间分配中,用于休息、觅食和移动的时间分别占日活动时间分配的42.81%、26.72%和27.00%,仅有2.30%和1.16%的时间用于理毛和其他行为。除理毛行为外,恩城黑叶猴用于其他行为的时间比例无明显的季节性差异,而旱季用于理毛的时间明显高于雨季。研究结果可为破碎化生境中黑叶猴的保护管理提供重要的科学依据。François’langurs(Trachypithecus francoisi)is a rare and endangered non-human primate that is endemicto the karst.It is highly susceptible to human interference and severe habitat fragmentation.From July 2019 to June 2020,one langur group in the Encheng National Nature Reserve was continuously tracked and observed for one year and the infor⁃mation on the activity rhythm and time budget of François’langurs was collected to explore their behavioral adaptation to fragmented rocky mountain habitats.Our results indicate that the diurnal activity patterns of François’langurs in Encheng showed morning(07:00-11:00)and afternoon(18:00-19:00)activity peaks.Comparing to the dry season,the feeding peak in the morning occurred about one hour earlier in the rainy season,and the feeding peak in the afternoon was delayed by about one hour,and the moving peaks in the morning and afternoon occurred about two hours earlier.The annual aver⁃age time budget of François’langurs is 42.81%for rest,26.72%for foraging,and 27.00%for moving.The time used for grooming and other behaviors only accounts for 2.30%and 1.16%of time budget.The time budgets did not show signifi⁃cant seasonal variations,except for grooming behavior.Compared to the rainy season,the langurs devoted more time to allogrooming in the dry season.Our results could provide the important scientific basis for the protection management of François’langurs in the fragmented habitats.

关 键 词：黑叶猴 活动节律 时间分配 季节性差异 破碎化生境 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]