基于微卫星标记的雪豹种群结构及遗传多样性  

Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Snow Leopard Based on Microsatellite Markers

作　　者：周颖娜 李金霖 马跃[1,2,3] 王震 ZHOU Yingna;LI Jinlin;MA Yue;WANG Zhen(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China;National Forestry and Grassland Administration Detecting Center of Wildlife,Harbin,150040,China;Wildlife Forensic Institute of Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]国家林业和草原局野生动植物检测中心,哈尔滨150040 [3]东北林业大学司法鉴定所,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2024年第4期699-708,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家林业和草原局机关业务委托项目(HFW220200050)。

摘　　要：掌握雪豹(Panthera uncia)的遗传多样性信息对其保护和管理有重要意义。对104只雪豹个体的组织样品提取DNA,结合文献中提供的70个雪豹基因分型数据,利用9个微卫星多态性位点进行遗传多样性研究。结果显示:当样本量从70个增加到174个时,雪豹种群有分化为2个种群的趋势,即西北部群和中部群;共检测到45个等位基因(Na),中部、西北部2个种群平均每个位点Na分别为4.556和4.667,平均期望杂合度(He)分别为0.574和0.591,平均观测杂合度(Ho)分别为0.517和0.498。雪豹群体的平均近交系数(FIS)为0.137,平均遗传分化系数(FST)为0.067,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.602,种群间遗传变异为15.24%,种群内遗传变异为84.76%。9个微卫星位点具有中高程度多态性,与其他雪豹研究相比,2个雪豹种群遗传多样性处于中等水平,种群间遗传分化水平处于中等程度,遗传变异大部分来源于群体内部。研究结果对全球雪豹的种群结构和遗传多样性研究具有重要意义,也为雪豹未来的科学保护提供可靠的遗传背景。Understanding the genetic diversity of snow leopards(Panthera uncia)is crucial for their conservation and man⁃agement.In this study,DNA was extracted from tissue samples of 104 snow leopard individuals,and combined with 70 snow leopard genotyping data from the literature,a genetic diversity analysis was conducted using nine microsatellite poly⁃morphic loci.The results revealed that as the sample size increased from 70 to 174,the snow leopard population tended to differentiate into two distinct groups:a northwest group and a central group.A total of 45 alleles were detected in the two groups,with an average number of alleles per locus(Na)of 4.556 and 4.667,respectively,for the central and northwest populations;The average expected heterozygosity(He)was 0.574 and 0.591,while the average observed heterozygosity(Ho)was 0.517 and 0.498,respectively.The average inbreeding coefficient(FIS)for the snow leopard population was 0.137,the average genetic differentiation coefficient(FST)was 0.067,and the average polymorphic information content(PIC)was 0.602.The genetic variation between populations accounted for 15.24%,and the genetic variation within popula⁃tions is 84.76%.The nine microsatellite loci exhibited medium to high levels of polymorphism.Compared to other snow leopard studies,the genetic diversity of the two snow leopard groups was moderate,and the level of genetic differentiation between populations was at a medium level.Most of the genetic variation originated within the populations.These findings are significant for global research on snow leopard population structures and genetic diversity,and provide a reliable ge⁃netic background for future scientific conservation efforts.

关 键 词：雪豹 种群结构 遗传多样性 微卫星标记 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学]