不同灌溉模式下水稻田氮素运移规律  

Nitrogen Transport in Paddy Fields Under Different Irrigation Modes

作　　者：李垣 童菊秀[1,2] 成宽 孙小颖 LI Yuan;TONG Ju-xiu;CHENG Kuan;SUN Xiao-ying(Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation of MWR,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;School of Water Resources and Environment,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)水利部地下水保护重点实验室(筹),北京100083 [2]中国地质大学(北京)水资源与环境学院,北京100083

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第11期31-38,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42072271);宁波市水利科技项目(NSKA202318,NSKA202228)。

摘　　要：为了提高水稻田氮素利用率减少农业面源污染,选取了2块大田,分别采取干湿交替节水灌溉和传统淹灌方式,分析稻田土壤剖面NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N及TN浓度的分布规律。结果表明节水灌溉和传统淹灌条件下,施入3次氮肥后,地表水及土壤不同深度处NH_(4)^(+)-N和TN浓度变化规律相似且均会出现峰值后迅速降低。而节水灌溉条件下由于NO_(3)^(-)-N浓度太低导致峰值不明显,传统淹灌条件下的NO_(3)^(-)-N浓度峰值到达时间相比于NH_(4)^(+)-N有一定滞后性。整体来说,水稻田施肥后5 d内是防控田间氮素流失的关键时期;节水灌溉条件下水稻田的灌溉水利用效率和氮素生产率更高。此研究结果可为提高水肥利用率和减少农业面源污染等提供理论依据。To enhance the nitrogen use efficiency in paddy fields and reduce agricultural non-point source pollution,this study selected two fields employing alternating wet and dry irrigation and traditional flooded irrigation methods.The distribution of NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(3)^(-)-N,and TN concentrations in the soil profiles of the paddy fields under these two irrigation methods was analyzed.The results showed that after three applications of nitrogen fertilizer,the concentrations of NH_(4)^(+)-N and TN in surface water and at different soil depths varied similarly,with concentrations peaks followed by rapid declines.However,under the water-saving irrigation condition,the peak of NO_(3)^(-)-N concentration was not obvious due to its low value.While under the traditional flooding condition,the peak of NO_(3)^(-)-N concentration lagged behind that of NH_(4)^(+)-N.On the whole,the first five days after fertilization were identified as a critical period for controlling nitrogen loss from the paddy fields.The water use efficiency and nitrogen productivity were higher in the paddy field under the water-saving irrigation condition.These findings provide a theoretical basis for improving the efficiency of water and fertilizer use and reducing agricultural non-point source pollution.

关 键 词：干湿交替节水灌溉 淹水灌溉 氮素运移 水稻田 灌溉水利用效率 氮素生产率 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]