绿肥还田量与小麦复种绿肥水分利用效率的相关性  

Water use efficiency of wheat-green manure multiple cropping system in response to green manure returning rate

作　　者：唐倩 张松茂 王国璀 杨昭 柴强[1] 胡发龙[1] TANG Qian;ZHANG Songmao;WANG Guocui;YANG Zhao;CHAI Qiang;HU Faong(State Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science,College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2024年第5期38-45,共8页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U21A2021);国家绿肥产业技术体系项目(CARS-22-G-12);甘肃省教育厅“双一流”项目(GSSYLXM-02)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对绿洲灌区因连作导致小麦水分利用效率偏低问题,开展麦后复种绿肥水分利用特征研究,以期为构建基于绿肥还田的小麦水分高效利用技术体系提供理论依据。【方法】依托2018年开始的定位试验,以小麦复种绿肥为研究对象,设置3个绿肥还田量(G_(1):15 000 kg/hm^(2),G_(2):30 000 kg/hm^(2),G_(3):45 000 kg/hm^(2))和不复种绿肥小麦(对照,G_0),于2019~2021年运用能量学方法研究了不同处理的产量和水分利用特征。【结果】与对照相比,小麦复种绿肥显著增大了总耗水量,G_(1)、G_(2)和G_(3)处理复种系统总耗水量分别较G_0增加了42.1%、38.0%和41.1%;小麦耗水量在G_(2)处理中最小,较G_0降低了3.9%;绿肥耗水量表现为G_(2)和G_(3)较低,分别较G_(1)降低了5.9%和5.8%。绿肥还田显著提高了小麦产量,且还田量为G_(2)时增产效果最好,G_(1)、G_(2)、G_(3)与G_0相比,小麦籽粒产量分别提高了4.9%、22.2%、14.2%,生物产量分别提高了3.1%、10.9%、5.6%;绿肥生物产量G_(2)较G_(1)、G_(3)分别高13.5%、6.4%。小麦复种绿肥系统生物热能产在G_(2)处理时最大,分别较G_0、G_(1)和G_(3)提高49.1%、9.3%和5.4%。绿肥还田显著提高了小麦水分利用效率且G_(2)处理的水分利用效率最高,G_(1)、G_(2)和G_(3)分别较G_0提高7.7%、27.4%和15.5%。复种体系单位耗水生物热能产显著高于单作且在G_(2)处理表现最优,G_(1)、G_(2)和G_(3)分别较G_0分别高8.4%、22.0%和13.5%。【结论】在绿洲灌区,麦后复种绿肥还田是保证小麦高产和水分高效利用的种植模式,还田量为30 000 kg/hm^(2)时效果最佳。【Objectives】In response to the issue of low water use efficiency in wheat caused by continuous cropping in the Hexi oasis irrigated area,this study delved into the water use characteristics of green fertilizer post-replanting.The aim was to lay the groundwork for establishing a technology system for wheat that emphasizes water efficiency,anchored in the concept of green fertilizer utilization.【Method】Based on the long-term experiment from 2018,three rates of green manure return(G_(1):15000 kg/hm²,G_(2):30000 kg/hm²,G_(3):45000 kg/hm²)within wheat-hairy vetch multiple cropping systems were implemented,with sole cropping wheat(G0)serving as the control.The yield and water use efficiency characteristics of the various treatments were assessed using energetic methods spanning from 2019 to 2021.【Result】Relative to the control group,the adoption of green fertilizer through multiple cropping in wheat led to an overall increase in total water consumption.Specifically,the total water consumption in the multiple cropping systems of G_(1),G_(2) and G_(3) rose by 42.1%,38.0%,and 41.1%compared to G0,respectively.Notably,the water consumption of wheat was at its lowest in the G_(2) treatment,representing a 3.9%reduction compared to G0.Moreover,the water consumption of green fertilizer was lower in the G_(2) and G_(3) treatments by 5.9%and 5.8%,respectively,compared to the G_(1) treatment.The incorporation of green manure resulted in increased wheat yield.Compared to the G0 treatment,grain yield in G_(1),G_(2),and G_(3) saw increments of 4.9%,22.2%,and 14.2%,while biomass yield increased by 3.1%,10.9%,and 5.6%,respectively.Additionally,the biological yield of green manure in the G_(2) treatment surged by 13.5%and 6.4%compared to G0.The biothermal energy production of wheat in the G_(2) multiple cropping system surpassed that of G0,G_(1),and G_(3) by 49.1%,9.3%,and 5.4%,respectively.The bioenergy production per unit of water consumption in the multiple cropping system outperformed that of the single cropping syste

关 键 词：绿肥 小麦 籽粒产量 生物热能产 耗水量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S344.16[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]