旱地不同覆盖方式对春小麦土壤酸解有机氮含量的影响  

Effects of different mulching methods on the acid decomposed organic nitrogen content of dryland spring wheat soils

作　　者：杨锦 胡南南 肖歆玥 王小燕 王凤仁 郑浩飞 路建龙 逄蕾 谭雪莲[5] YANG Jin;HU Nannan;XIAO Xinyue;WANG Xiaoyan;WANG Fengren;ZHENG Haofei;LU Jianlong;PANG Lei;TAN Xuelian(Gansu Key Laboratory of Arid Habitat Crop Science,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Agriculture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Experimental Teaching Center of Plant Production,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Finance and Economics,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Dry Farming Insitute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃农业大学植物生产类实验教学中心,甘肃兰州730070 [4]甘肃农业大学财经学院,甘肃兰州730070 [5]甘肃省农业科学院旱农所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2024年第5期46-54,64,共10页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160525);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(20JR5RA034);盛彤笙创新基金项目(GSAU-STS-1736);甘肃农业大学国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202210733010);甘肃农业大学省级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202110733006);甘肃省重点研发计划(22YF7NA037);甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划(2022GAAS24)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨西北半干旱雨养区不同覆盖方式对春小麦土壤酸解有机氮含量及分布的影响。【方法】设玉米秸秆整秆带状覆盖(T_(SM))、地膜覆盖(T_(PM))与露地平作(CK)3个处理。测定分析了2019年收获期和2020年春小麦开花期和成熟期的秸秆带状覆盖(T_(SM))、秸秆种植带(T_(SM-d))、秸秆覆盖带(T_(SM-u))、地膜下(T_(PM))和露地(CK) 0~120 cm土层的酸解全氮、酸解氨态氮、酸解氨基酸态氮、酸解氨基糖态氮和酸解未知氮含量的变化。【结果】土壤中酸解全氮、酸解氨态氮和酸解氨基酸态氮含量均随着土层深度的增加而减少;在2019年成熟期、2020年开花期和2020年成熟期0~20 cm土层,T_(SM)处理酸解全氮含量较CK显著提高19.40%、7.26%和14.77%(P<0.05);3个时期0~20 cm土层T_(SM)处理较CK酸解氨态氮和酸解氨基酸态氮含量提高了17.95%和18.07%;与T_(PM)相比,T_(SM)处理降低了0~20 cm土壤酸解氨态氮、酸解氨基酸态氮占酸解全氮的比例。土壤中各酸解有机氮占酸解全氮的比例大小顺序为:酸解氨基酸态氮>酸解氨态氮>酸解未知氮>酸解氨基糖态氮。【结论】地膜覆盖降低了0~20 cm土壤酸解有机氮含量,而秸秆带状覆盖能够有效提高0~20 cm土壤酸解有机氮含量,秸秆带状覆盖有利于土壤氮素的积累,改善土壤供氮能力也是更有效的。【Objective】To investigate the effects of different mulching methods on the content and distribution of soil organic nitrogen in spring wheat fields in the semi-arid rainfed area of northwest China.【Method】Three treatments of corn stalk strip mulch(T_(SM)),plastic film mulch(T_(PM))and open field cropping(CK)were established.The 2019 maturity stages and 2020 spring wheat flowering and maturity stages were measured and analyzed for straw strip cover(T_(SM)),straw planting zone(T_(SM-d)),straw cover zone(T_(SM)-u),under plastic film(T_(PM))and open field(CK).Changes in acid decomposed total nitrogen,acid decomposed ammonia nitrogen,acid decomposed amino acid nitrogen,acid decomposed amino sugar nitrogen and acid decomposed unknown nitrogen in the 0~120 cm soil layer were measured and analyzed.【Result】The contents of acid-hydrolyzed total nitrogen,acid-hydrolyzed ammonia nitrogen and acid-hydrolyzed amino acid nitrogen in the soil decreased with increasing depth.In the 0~20 cm soil layer at the maturity stage in 2019 and at the flowering stage in 2020,the contents of acid-hydrolyzed total nitrogen in the T_(SM) treatment were significantly higher than those of CK and T_(PM) treatments,while at the maturity stage in 2020 they were only significantly higher than those of T_(PM) treatment(P<0.05).The contents of acid hydrolyzed ammonia nitrogen and acid hydrolyzed amino acid nitrogen in the 0~20 cm soil layer treated with T_(SM) were higher than those of CK in three periods;compared with T_(PM),T_(SM) treatment reduced the ratio of acid hydrolyzed ammonia nitrogen and acid hydrolyzed amino acid nitrogen in the 0~20 cm soil layer to acid hydrolyzed total nitrogen.The order of the ratio of acid-decomposed organic nitrogen to acid-decomposed total nitrogen in soil is:acid-decomposed amino acid nitrogen>acid-decomposed ammonia nitrogen>acid-decomposed unknown nitrogen>acid-decomposed amino sugar nitrogen.【Conclusion】Straw mulch can effectively increase the organic nitrogen content of the 0~20 cm of soil,whic

关 键 词：秸秆带状覆盖 地膜覆盖 土壤酸解有机氮 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]