营养液不同氮磷钾配比对基质培番茄的产量及品质的影响  

Impact of various nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium ratios in nutrient solutions on the yield and quality of tomatoes in substrate cultivation

作　　者：王欢[1] 李建设[1] 高艳明[1] WANG Huan;LI Jianshe;GAO Yanming(College of Enology and Horticulture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学葡萄酒与园艺学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2024年第5期83-92,101,共11页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：设施蔬菜高产优质绿色栽培关键技术集成创新与转化(202H-RD05018)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过研究基质培营养液氮磷钾的合理配比,为生产高品质口感型鲜食番茄产品提供技术支撑。【方法】试验以京采8号番茄为试材,在日光温室进行春茬栽培。采用正交试验设计,将N、P、K三因素,分别设置三水平,通过比较分析不同氮磷钾处理下基质培番茄的生长发育、光合、产量及品质各个指标的变化情况。【结果】在N=4 mmol/L、P=0.67 mmol/L时番茄的Rubisco活化酶RCA、果糖1,6-二磷酸酶FBPase、核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶RubisCO、可溶性固形物、VC、乙烯ETH均达到最大值,而有机酸和脱落酸ABA在N=4 mmol/L时最大,叶绿素相对增长率、吲哚乙酸IAA、水杨酸SA在P=0.67 mmol/L时最大,且硝酸盐为最小值;在K=12 mmol/L时蒸腾速率、气孔导度、景天庚酮糖-1,7-二磷酸酶SBPase、核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶RubisCO、茎粗相对生长率、单果质量、单株产量、可溶性糖、VC、脱落酸ABA均达到最大值。【结论】营养液供应N∶P∶K=4∶0.67∶12(T4)的养分配比时,鲜食番茄的品质最好,口感最佳,产量较好。【Objective】The study focused on investigating the optimal ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in the nutrient solution for substrate cultivation to offer technical backing for the production of high-quality and flavorsome fresh tomato products.【Method】The experiment involved the cultivation of Jingcai No.8 tomatoes in a sunlit greenhouse during the spring season.An orthogonal experimental design was employed,with three levels set for nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)factors,respectively.The study compared and analyzed the effects of different N,P,and K treatments on the growth and development,photosynthesis,yield,and quality of tomatoes in substrate culture.【Result】RubisCO activating enzyme RCA,fructose 1,6-diphosphatase FBPase,ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase Rubisco,soluble solids,vitamin C(VC),and ethylene(ETH)all peaked when N=4 mmol/L and P=0.67 mmol/L.Meanwhile,organic acid and abscisic acid(ABA)reached their maximum levels at N=4 mmol/L.The relative growth rate of chlorophyll,indoleacetic acid(IAA),and salicylic acid(SA)hit their highest points at P=0.67 mmol/L,with nitrate reaching its minimum level.At K=12 mmol/L,the transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,Sedum heptulose-1,7-diphosphatase SBPase,ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase Rubisco,relative growth rate of stem diameter,single fruit weight,single plant yield,soluble sugar,VC,and ABA all peaked.【Conclusion】Supplying the nutrient solution with a ratio of N∶P∶K=4∶0.67∶12(T4)resulted in fresh tomatoes with the highest quality,superior taste,and enhanced yield.

关 键 词：番茄 氮、磷、钾 基质培 营养液 

分 类 号：S626.5[农业科学—园艺学] S641.2