基于饱和D-最优设计日光温室基质栽培西葫芦优化施肥研究  

Optimal fertilization of substrate grown zucchini in solar greenhouses based on saturated D-optimal design

作　　者：蒯佳琳 张玉鑫[1] 马彦霞[1] 王晓巍[1] 康恩祥[1] KUAI Jialin;ZHANG Yuxin;MA Yanxia;WANG Xiaowei;KANG Enxiang(Institute of Vegetables,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2024年第5期117-125,共9页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：甘肃省现代农业科技支撑体系区域创新中心重点科技项目(2019GAAS47);甘肃省引导科技创新发展专项资金项目(2018GAAS13);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-24-G-28);农业农村部西北地区蔬菜科学观测实验站(2015-A2621-620321-G1203-066)。

摘　　要：【目的】利用饱和D-最优设计对日光温室基质栽培秋冬茬西葫芦适宜氮、磷、钾用量及养分配比进行研究,以期获得日光温室基质栽培西葫芦的合理养分供应依据。【方法】试验采用三因素二次饱和D-最优设计,以产量和品质综合得分为目标函数,以氮、磷、钾施用量3个因素为因变量,构建数学模型进行试验研究。【结果】对西葫芦产量的影响大小排序为氮肥>钾肥>磷肥;对西葫芦品质综合得分的影响大小排序为磷肥>钾肥>氮肥。利用模型进行计算机模拟,本试验条件下西葫芦产量超过85 000 kg/hm^(2)时的氮肥施用量为439.29~587.46 kg/hm^(2)、磷肥施用量为66.92~113.85 kg/hm^(2)、钾肥施用量为374.36~581.89 kg/hm^(2)。品质综合评分在75分以上的氮肥施用量为302.89~489.67 kg/hm^(2)、磷肥施用量为56.08~98.38 kg/hm^(2)、钾肥施用量为426.30~578.35 kg/hm^(2)。【结论】得出高产优质基质栽培西葫芦的施肥方案,即氮肥施用量439.29~489.68 kg/hm^(2),磷肥施用量66.82~98.39 kg/hm^(2),钾肥施用量426.30~578.35 kg/hm^(2),适宜的N、P2O5、K2O施用比例约为1∶0.18∶1.08。【Objective】The saturated D-optimal design method was tried in the fertilization management of substrate-grown zucchini in solar greenhouse,it is clear to obtain a reasonable nutrient supply basis.【Method】Fertilizers of nitrogen,phosphate and potassium were designed using the two factors´saturating D-optimal design,and a mathematical model was constructed with the yield and quality as the objective function,and the application rate of N,P and K as three factors of dependent variables.【Result】N,P and K had significant effects on the yield and quality of substrate-cultivated zucchini,the order of effect on the yield was N>K>P and on the quality was P>K>N.The model was used to make decision,when the yield exceeds 85000 kg/hm^(2),the optimum fertilization rate was N 439.29~587.46 kg/hm^(2),P 66.92~113.85 kg/hm^(2) and K 374.36~581.89 kg/hm^(2).When the comprehensive score of quality was more than 75,the optimum fertilizer rate was N 302.89~489.67 kg/hm^(2),P 56.08~98.38 kg/hm^(2) and K 426.30~578.35 kg/hm^(2).【Conclusion】When the optimum fertilization rate was N 439.29~489.68 kg/hm^(2),P 66.82~98.39 kg/hm^(2) and K 426.30~578.35 kg/hm^(2),the yield reached 85000 kg/hm^(2) and the quality grade was more than 75.The most suitable ratio of N,P2O5,K2O is 1∶0.18∶1.08.

关 键 词：西葫芦 基质栽培 饱和D-最优设计 优化施肥 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]