改良剂对盐碱地燕麦生长及土壤物理性状的调控效应  

Effects of amendments on oat growth and soil physical properties in saline-alkali soils

作　　者：陈文涛 郭丽琢[1,2] 剡斌 高玉红 马敬[1] 李晓瑾 CHEN Wentao;GUO Lizhuo;YAN Bin;GAO Yuhong;MA Jing;LI Xiaojin(College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;State Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2024年第5期136-144,共9页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：甘肃省科技计划项目(科技重大专项)“不同土壤类型耕地质量及产能提升技术研究”(21ZD4NA023-02)。

摘　　要：【目的】推进旱区盐碱土的治理和适应性种植,有助于夯实粮食安全的根基和促进生态、经济的可持续发展。【方法】采用单因素随机区组设计,研究了有机肥、粉煤灰、生物炭、糠醛渣、蚯蚓粪、腐殖酸、克碱王7种改良剂单施以及以单施的1/2用量进行的粉煤灰+有机肥、粉煤灰+糠醛渣、生物炭+糠醛渣、蚯蚓粪+腐殖酸4种配施对盐碱地土壤物理性状及燕麦生长的调控效应。【结果】粉煤灰+糠醛渣、生物炭+糠醛渣的配施方式较不施改良剂的燕麦出苗率显著提高了5.47%~5.96%;腐殖酸单施及4种混施使成活率提高了9.47%~11.14%。所有施用改良剂的处理较不施的对照植株干物质积累量增加,抽穗期、开花期、成熟期的增幅分别为15.25%~72.88%、11.21%~38.32%和9.91%~45.95%;3个时期混施又较单施提高了9.30%~50.00%、5.19%~24.37%和7.09%~32.79%,且以粉煤灰+糠醛渣、生物炭+糠醛渣的增幅最大。燕麦草产量,配施处理较不施改良剂显著增加16.56%~19.99%,较单施处理增加5.26%~8.14%,4种配施的增产效应无显著差异。糠醛渣、腐殖酸单施以及4种配施方式均显著降低了土壤容重,提高了土壤孔隙度;和不施改良剂相比,粉煤灰+糠醛渣、生物炭+糠醛渣的土壤容重降低了8.53%~9.38%,孔隙度增加了10.97%~13.42%。【结论】生物炭与糠醛渣、粉煤灰与糠醛渣的两种配施方式更有利于盐碱地燕麦的生长及土壤物理性状的调控。【Objective】Promoting the management and adaptive planting of saline-alkali soil in arid areas should help to consolidate the foundation of food security and improve the sustainable development of ecology and economy.【Method】A single factor randomized block design was used to study the effects of different types of amendments on soil physical properties and oat growth in saline-alkali soil.The types of amendments were single application of organic fertilizer,fly ash,biochar,furfural residue,vermicompost,humic acid and Kejianwang and combined application of fly ash+organic fertilizer,fly ash+furfural residue,biochar+furfural residue,vermicompost+humic acid with its 1/2 dose in single application.【Result】The combined application of fly ash+furfural residue and biochar+furfural residue significantly increased oat seedling emergence rate by 5.47%~5.96%compared to no amendment.Use of humic acid alone and four mixed applications increased oat survival rate by 9.47%~11.14%.Plant dry matter accumulation of all the treatments with amendments increased compared to the control,and the increase rates at heading,flowering and maturity stages were 15.25%~72.88%,11.21%~38.32%and 9.91%~45.95%respectively.The four mixed applications in the three periods increased by 9.30%~50.00%,5.19%~24.37%and 7.09%~32.79%compared with single application,and the greatest increase was from fly ash+furfural residue and biochar+furfural residue.The yield of oat grass increased significantly by 16.56%~19.99%in the combined application treatment compared to the non-amendment treatment and by 5.26%~8.14%compared to all single application treatments.There was no significant difference in the yield increasing effect of the four combined applications.Single application of furfural residue,humic acid and the four combined applications significantly reduced soil bulk density and increased soil porosity.Compared to no amendment,soil bulk density of fly ash+furfural residue and biochar+furfural residue decreased by 8.53%~9.38%and porosity increase

关 键 词：改良剂 盐碱地 燕麦 容重 孔隙度 生物量 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学]