低温下不同光照对菜豆幼苗生长与光合特性的影响  

Effects of illumination at low temperature on seedling growth and photosynthesis characteristic of kidney bean

作　　者：张兴民 池小娜 顾文媛 何晓童 王盛祥 王玉萍 ZHANG Xingmin;CHI Xiaona;GU Wenyuan;HE Xiaotong;WANG Shengxiang;WANG Yuping(College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2024年第5期173-182,共10页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31760351);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-08)。

摘　　要：【目的】阐明菜豆响应低温光照胁迫的生理机制。【方法】试验设置正常温光管理(CK)、低温下高光(T1)和弱光(T2)处理,研究光照对菜豆幼苗生长、叶绿素含量、气体交换、荧光参数和抗氧化系统的影响并进行相关性与主成分分析。【结果】低温光照胁迫抑制菜豆幼苗生长,与CK相比,T1和T2处理7 d幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、总根长、总根表面积和平均根系直径分别降低18.3%和18.9%、14.6%和19.5%、36.7%和38.5%、21.8%和24.8%、8.7%和14.0%、5.5%和7.3%。随胁迫时间延长,净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))和蒸腾速率(T_(r))降低,胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))升高。PSⅡ的最大光化学效率(F_(V)/F_(m)),实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSⅡ))和光化学淬灭系数(qP)降低,非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)升高。叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)和总叶绿素[Chl (a+b)]含量降低,叶绿素a/b升高。丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))含量增加,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈先升后降的趋势,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量呈下降趋势,谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性呈上升趋势。相关性分析表明,P_(n)与T_(r)、qP呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与MAD显著负相关(P<0.05)。主成分分析显示,提取到特征值>1的2个主成分,方差累计贡献率为95.002%。依据主成分得分排序,芸豆在低温不同光照胁迫处理下CK>T>t。【结论】低温弱光较低温高光胁迫对幼苗的伤害严重。【Objective】The study aimed to elucidate the physiological mechanism of kidney bean in response to low temperature and light stresses.【Method】In this study,three treatments were set,i.e.,normal light and temperature(CK),high light(T_(1))and low light(T_(2))at low temperature,and the morphological indexes,chlorophyll content,gas exchange,fluorescence parameters and antioxidant system were determined for the kidney bean seedlings under different treatments,followed by the correlation analysis and principal component analysis.【Result】Light stress at low temperature treatments inhibited the growth of seedlings.Compared with control,the plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,total root length,root surface area and average root diameter of the seedings with T_(1) and T_(2) treatments for 7 days decreased by 18.3%and 18.9%,14.6%and 19.5%,36.7%and 38.5%,21.8%and 24.8%,8.7%and 14.0%,5.5%and 7.3%,respectively.With the prolongation of stress time,the net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),stomatal conductance(G_(s))and transpiration rate(T_(r))decreased,and intercellular CO_(2) concentration(C_(i))increased.Maximum photochemical efficiency(FV/Fm)of PSⅡ,photochemical quenching coefficient(qP)and actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(ΦPSⅡ)decreased,whereas nonphotochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ)increased.The contents of chlorophyll a(Chla),chlorophyll b(Chlb)and total chlorophyll[Chl(a+b)]decreased,and the Chl a/b increased.The contents of malondialdehyde(MDA)and hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))increased,the activity of catalase(CAT)increased first and then decreased,the activity of ascorbic acid peroxidase(APX)and the content of glutathione(GSH)decreased,and the activity of glutathione reductase(GR)showed the upward tendency.The correlation analysis showed that P_(n) was positively correlated with T_(r) and qP(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with MAD(P<0.05).With the principal component analysis,two principal components with eigenvalue>1 were extracted,and their cumulative variance contribution rate was 99.707%.A

关 键 词：菜豆 低温光照胁迫 叶绿素荧光 光合特性 相关性分析 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S643.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]