无水氯化镁氯化分解氟碳铈精矿的研究  

Study on Chlorination Decomposition Process of Bastnaesite Concentrate withAnhydrous Magnesium Chloride

作　　者：田宇 马升峰[1] 郑万波 郑淇元 高凯 许延辉[1] TIAN Yu;MA Sheng-feng;ZHENG Wan-bo;ZHENG Qi-yuan;GAO Kai;XU Yan-hui(State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization,Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths,Baotou 014030,China;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China;School of Metallurgy and Environment,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]包头稀土研究院白云鄂博资源研究与综合利用全国重点实验室,内蒙古包头014030 [2]内蒙古大学化学化工学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [3]中南大学冶金与环境学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《稀土》2024年第5期33-44,I0004,共13页Chinese Rare Earths

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资助项目(2202ZY0038);内蒙古自治区自然基金面上项目(2017MS0210,2021MS02027);白云鄂博稀土资源研究与综合利用全国重点实验室项目(2021Z2344)。

摘　　要：采用无水氯化镁氯化分解四川冕宁60%品位氟碳铈精矿(含氟碳铈矿57.78%,氟碳钙铈矿33.86%),研究了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、矿盐比对氟碳铈精矿分解率的影响。通过热重-差热分析(TG-DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)分析等检测手段,探究了无水氯化镁氯化分解氟碳铈精矿过程的反应机理,氟碳铈精矿氯化分解主要生成了氯氧化稀土(REOCl)和氟化镁(MgF_(2))。确定了氯化分解的最佳工艺参数:焙烧温度550℃、焙烧时间90 min、矿盐比1∶0.25,其中氟碳铈精矿分解率可达97.23%,铈的氧化率只有50.64%。通过添加无水氯化镁氯化分解氟碳铈精矿缩短焙烧时间,降低焙烧能耗,减少焙烧矿盐酸浸出过程中抑氯剂加入量,简化工艺流程,降低生产成本,为氟碳铈矿的分解提供新方法。In this paper,magnesium chloride dehydration and chlorination of Sichuan Mianning 60%-grade fluorocarboncerium ore(57.78%fluorite carboncerite,33.86%fluorite calcerite)was used.The effects of roasting temperature,roasting time,and ore-salt ratio on the decomposition rate of fluorocarbonyl cerium ore were studied.The thermogravimetric(TG)-differential thermal analysis(DSC),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)-energy spectrum analysis(EDS)were used to study the reaction mechanism of the chlorination and decomposition of bastnaesite with anhydrous magnesium chloride.The optimal process parameters for chlorination decomposition have been determined:The roasting temperature is 550℃,the roasting time is 90 minutes,and the ore-salt ratio is 1∶0.25.Under these conditions,the decomposition rate of fluorocerium ore concentrate can reach 97.23%,and the oxidation rate of cerium is only 50.64%.Chlorination decomposition process of bastnaesite concentrate with Anhydrous Magnesium Chloride can shorten roasting time and reduce energy consumption.The amount of reducing agent can be reduce under the hydrochloric acid leaching process of roasted ore.This process provides a new idea for decomposing bastnaesite.

关 键 词：无水氯化镁 氯化分解 氟碳铈精矿 氟化镁 盐酸浸出 

分 类 号：TF845[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]