四种典型烟田土壤硝化特征及其氨氧化微生物分析  

Analysis of Nitrification Characteristics and Ammonia Oxidizing Microorganisms in Four Typical Tobacco Planting Soils

作　　者：高睿康 张继光[2] 任晓红 樊俊 林伟 叶超[4] 刘馥榕 刘跃东 李玲燕[1] GAO Ruikang;ZHANG Jiguang;REN Xiaohong;FAN Jun;LIN Wei;YE Chao;LIU Furong;LIU Yuedong;LI Lingyan(Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS,Qingdao 266101,China;Enshi Tobacco Company of Hubei Province,Enshi 445000,Hubei,China;Nanping Tobacco Company of Fujian Province,Nanping 353000,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学,青岛266109 [2]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,青岛266101 [3]湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司,湖北恩施445000 [4]福建省烟草公司南平市公司,福建南平353000

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2024年第5期41-48,共8页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：湖北省烟草公司重点科技项目(027Y2022-004);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-TRIC06);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2023MC137);青岛市自然科学基金(23-2-1-235-zyyd-jch)。

摘　　要：为揭示不同烟田土壤的硝化特征及氮转化微生物差异,开展4种典型植烟土壤(诸城棕壤、邵武水稻土、湄潭黄壤和宣恩黄棕壤)的室内微宇宙培育试验,以探究不同烟田土壤氮素硝化过程及其氨氧化微生物(氨氧化古菌AOA和氨氧化细菌AOB)特征。结果表明,4种烟田土壤的硝态氮含量和硝化速率差异明显,其硝化速率随培养时间延长呈波动下降趋势,黄壤与黄棕壤的硝态氮含量和硝化速率相对较高;各类型土壤中N_(2)O排放速率起初波动下降,后趋于稳定,其中水稻土排放速率与累积排放量最高。在各土壤的氨氧化过程中AOA均占主导地位,黄壤与水稻土的AOA丰度和AOA/AOB比值显著高于其他土壤。土壤硝化参数与理化性状相关性分析结果显示,土壤pH、有机碳、全氮含量、无机氮含量及碳氮比是导致不同烟田土壤N_(2)O排放和氨氧化微生物多样性差异的关键因素。综上,不同植烟土壤的硝化速率和N_(2)O排放受土壤理化性质影响,其中黄壤和黄棕壤硝化速率较高,水稻土N_(2)O排放量最大,氨氧化古菌AOA普遍占优势。This study aims to explore the nitrification characteristics of different tobacco soils and the differences of nitrogen transforming microorganisms.Laboratory experiments of microcosm cultivation were conducted in four typical tobacco planting soils(Zhucheng brown soil,Shaowu rice soil,Meitan yellow soil and Xuan’en yellow brown soil),and the nitrification process of nitrogen and the characteristics of their ammonia oxidizing microorganisms(ammonia-oxidizing archaea AOA and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria AOB)in different tobacco soils were investigated.Results showed that the nitrate nitrogen content and nitrification rate of the four types of tobacco soils differed significantly,and their nitrification rates exhibited fluctuating decline with incubation time.Relatively higher nitrate nitrogen content and nitrification rate occurred in yellow and yellow-brown soils.The N_(2)O emission rate in the four types of soils behaved fluctuating decline firstly,followed by tending to be stable,among which the paddy soils displayed the highest emission rate and cumulative emission.AOA dominated the ammonia oxidation process in the four types of soils,while the abundance of AOA and the ratio of AOA/AOB exhibited significantly higher in yellow and rice soil than in other soils.Correlation analysis was taken between soil nitrification parameters and physicochemical traits,and the result showed that soil pH,organic carbon,total nitrogen content,inorganic nitrogen content,and carbon to nitrogen ratio were the key factors leading to the differences in N_(2)O emission and ammonia oxidizing microbial diversity in different tobacco planting soils.In conclusion,the nitrification rate and N_(2)O emission of different tobacco-planting soils are affected by soil physicochemical properties,among which yellow and yellowbrown soils exhibit higher nitrification rates,while rice soils displays the largest N_(2)O emission,and the ammonia-oxidizing archaea AOA are generally predominant.

关 键 词：烟田土壤 氮素硝化特征 氨氧化古菌 氨氧化细菌 

分 类 号：S572.06[农业科学—烟草工业]