“凭什么”的语义演变及其主观化  

The Semantic Change and Subjectification of"Pingshenme"

作　　者：张斌 王林 ZHANG Bin;WANG Lin(Academy of Chinese Language and Culture Education/Chinese Language and Culture College,Huaqiao University,Xiamen,Fujian,361021;College of Humanities,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua,Zhejiang,32100)

机构地区：[1]华侨大学华文教育研究院/华文学院,福建厦门361021 [2]浙江师范大学人文学院,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期134-139,共6页Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：福建省社会科学规划项目“汉语附缀化的理论阐释、体系建构与实证研究”(FJ2022B044);华侨大学哲学社会科学青年学者成长工程项目“汉语附缀化的理论阐释、体系建构与实证研究”(21SKGC-QG02)。

摘　　要：现代汉语中,“凭什么”由介词“凭”后加疑问代词“什么”固化而来。在语用推理、相邻句位、和谐变换机制的作用下,其语义演变经历由最初的“凭借什么”义,到固化表达“质疑、不满”义,且进一步衍生出表抱怨、斥责、安慰、委屈、不满、抗议、辩解等语义内涵,并最终演变成为一个反预期话语标记。与此同时,由于受到“结构成分压制”和“反预期语境促发”双重因素的影响,从而促使其主观化程度不断增强。In modern Chinese,"pingshenme"is derived from the preposition"ping"followed by the interrogative pronoun"shenme".Under the function of pragmatic reasoning,adjacent context and harmony conversion,its semantic change has undergone a transformation from the initial meaning of"relying on what"to the solidified expression of"questioning and dissatisfaction".Furthermore,it has derived semantic connotations such as complaining,reprimanding,consoling,grievance,dissatisfaction,protest and justification,and has finally evolved into a counter-expectation discourse marker.At the same time,due to the influence of the dual factors of structural component suppression and counter-expectation context promotion,its degree of subjectification has been continuously enhanced.

关 键 词：“凭什么” 语义演变 主观化 演变机制 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]