基于多项式加减速的多头螺纹磨削算法研究  

Multi-thread grinding algorithm based on polynomial acceleration and deceleration

作　　者：张威 吴双峰 贺明茹 邢虎 ZHANG Wei;WU Shuangfeng;HE Mingru;XING Hu(Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China;China Academy of Machinery Ningbo Academy of Intelligent Machine Tool Co.,Ltd.,Ningbo 315700,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学机械工程与力学学院,浙江宁波315211 [2]中国机械总院集团宁波智能机床研究院有限公司,浙江宁波315700

出　　处：《机电工程》2024年第11期2050-2059,共10页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：宁波市科技创新2025重大专项(2022Z047)。

摘　　要：对多头螺纹进行磨削加工时,为了实现砂轮与切入点对齐,砂轮需要回到零点,并在零点等待一转信号和主轴转过偏转角度,而等待固定的信号会导致插补效率降低。针对这一问题,设计了一种基于混合非对称多项式加减速控制算法的多头螺纹快速分头算法。首先,分析了螺纹分头原理和砂轮切入方法,提取了切入点选择特征;然后,采用分区建立了插补时间规划模型,根据插补时间规划方法和砂轮切入点选择特征,建立了砂轮与每个切入点对齐的脉冲时间变化模型;之后,根据五次速度曲线加减速控制算法和三次速度曲线加减速控制算法的基本原理,设计了混合非对称多项式加减速控制算法模型,建立了参数控制模型及快退区目标速度预测模型;最后,采用MATLAB仿真的方法,验证了多头螺纹快速分头算法的正确性和有效性。研究结果表明:在工况1、工况2条件下(螺纹头数分别为20、25,其他条件相同),顺序切入和对称切入的加工效率分别提高了12.98%、0.67%,根据工况参数可以确定加工效率最高的砂轮切入方法;采用变加减速控制的方法,在快退区减速段可以实现±4 ms的容差控制目标,降低了砂轮与切入点对齐算法的容差压力;采用混合非对称多项式加减速控制算法,可以对多头螺纹快速分头插补和加加速度进行柔性控制,以提高螺纹分头的效率。To address the challenge of aligning the grinding wheel with the entry point during multi-head thread grinding,where the grinding wheel returns to zero point and waits for a revolution signal while the spindle rotates through a deflection angle,and affects the interpolation efficiency,a rapid threading algorithm was devised based on a hybrid asymmetric polynomial acceleration-deceleration control.Firstly,the principles of thread threading and grinding wheel entry methods were analyzed to identify the critical entry point selection characteristics.Then,a zoning-based interpolation time planning model was established,and a pulse time variation model was formulated to align the grinding wheel with each entry point based on the interpolation planning and entry point selection features.Subsequently,a hybrid asymmetric polynomial acceleration-deceleration control model was designed,incorporating the fundamentals of fifth-order and third-order velocity curve control algorithms,along with a parameter control model and a target speed prediction model for the rapid retreat zone.Finally,MATLAB simulations were employed to validate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed multi-head thread rapid threading algorithm.The research results show that under conditions 1 and 2(the number of thread heads is 20 and 25 respectively,other conditions are the same),the processing efficiency respectively increases by 12.98%and 0.67%for sequential and symmetric entry methods,with the optimal method determined by the operating parameters.Furthermore,the variable acceleration-deceleration control achieves a tolerance control of±4 ms in the deceleration segment of the rapid retreat zone,reducing the tolerance pressure on the grinding wheel-entry point alignment.The hybrid asymmetric polynomial acceleration-deceleration control algorithm can enable flexible interpolation and flexible control of jerk,enhancing the efficiency of multi-head thread threading.

关 键 词：多头螺纹分头算法 五次速度曲线 三次速度曲线 插补时间规划 螺纹切入点 混合非对称加减速控制算法 参数控制模型 

分 类 号：TH162[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG580[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]