日本落叶松种子园和人工林优树自由授粉家系苗期选择  

Seedling Selection of Superior Tree Open Pollination Families in Larix kaempferi Orchards and Plantations

作　　者：胡勐鸿[1,2] 李万峰 吕寻[2] 戴小芬 李宗德 周卓玲 HU Menghong;LI Wanfeng;LYU Xun;DAI Xiaofen;LI Zongde;ZHOU Zhuoling(National Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding,Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Xiaolong Mountain Research Institute of Forestry,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Secondary Forest Cultiva-tion,Gansu Xiaolongshan Forest Ecosystem National Positioning Observation and Research Station,Tianshui 741022,China)

机构地区：[1]林木遗传育种全国重点实验室(中国林业科学研究院林业研究所),北京100091 [2]甘肃省小陇山林业科学研究所(甘肃省次生林培育重点实验室,甘肃小陇山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站),甘肃天水741022

出　　处：《森林工程》2024年第6期64-78,共15页Forest Engineering

基　　金：抗松材线虫病高产落叶松新品种设计与培育(2022ZD0401602);甘肃省林业和草原科技计划项目(2020kj034);中央财政国家林木良种基地良种繁育补助项目。

摘　　要：探究日本落叶松种子园和人工林优树自由授粉家系苗期生长性状遗传变异规律,为优良家系造林和后期遗传改良提供参考。以沙坝国家落叶松/云杉良种基地日本落叶松初级无性系种子园25个自由授粉家系和30个人工林优树自由授粉家系为试验材料,种子园混合种子苗作为对照,田间试验采用随机完全区组试验设计,在沙坝国家落叶松云杉良种基地苗木培育圃进行苗期生长试验。数据采用SPSS 16.0进行方差分析、多重比较,并估算遗传力和遗传增益,以2年生苗地径、苗高、新梢生长量为指标,采用Brykin多性状综合评定法进行家系评价和选择。种子园、人工林优树自由授粉家系1年生苗和2年生苗生长性状(地径、苗高、2年生苗新梢生长量)具有丰富的遗传变异,生长性状间具有显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)正相关关系,家系选择潜力大。种子园自由授粉家系2年生苗地径、苗高、新梢生长量的表型变异系数分别是27.61%、36.82%、44.28%,家系遗传力依次为0.76、0.79、0.79,人工林优树自由授粉家系地径、苗高、新梢生长量的表型变异系数分别是25.57%、32.94%、38.83%,家系遗传力依次为0.90、0.92、0.92,属较高遗传力。家系生长性状受强的遗传控制,具有一定的稳定遗传能力,家系选择的遗传增益显著。按照50%的入选率初步选择苗期表现好的优良家系,种子园有种1、种25、种8、种34、种26、种12、种16、种20、种2、种100、种7、种21、种101共13个家系入选,入选家系地径、苗高、新梢生长量的遗传增益达到1.89%、6.18%、7.65%;人工林优树自由授粉家系有优19、优8、优2、优28、优30、优3、优7、优1、优18、优6、优15、优26、优25、优24、优13共15个家系入选,入选家系的地径、苗高、新梢生长量的遗传增益分别是3.73%、9.31%、11.19%。不论种子园还是人工林优树自由授粉家系,采用Brykin综合评价法选To explore the genetic variation patterns of growth traits during the seedling stage in Larix kaempferi seed orchards and plantation of superior tree open pollination families,and provide reference for afforestation and genetic improvement of excellent fami⁃lies in the later stage.Using 25 open pollinated families and 30 open pollinated families of superior trees in plantation as experimental materials in the Larix kaempferi primary clonal seed orchard of the Shaba National Larch/Spruce Seed Base.Mixed seed seedlings in the seed orchard were used as controls,and a randomized complete block experimental design was used in the field experiment.The seedling growth experiment was conducted in the nursery of the Shaba National Larch/Spruce Seed Base.The data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0 for variance analysis,multiple comparisons,and estimated heritability and genetic gain.The 2-year-old seedling ground diameter,seedling height,and new shoot growth were used as indicators,and the Brykin multi trait comprehensive evaluation method was used for family evaluation and selection.There were rich genetic variations in the growth traits of 1-year-old and 2-year-old seed⁃lings(ground diameter,height,and new shoot growth of 2-year-old seedlings)in seed orchards and open pollination families of supe⁃rior trees in plantation,with significant differences in growth traits(P<0.05)or extremely significant(P<0.01)positive correlation,with great potential for family selection.The coefficient of variation(CV)for 2-year-old seedling ground diameter,seedling height,and new shoot growth of the open pollinated family in the seed orchard were 27.61%,36.82%,and 44.28%,respectively.The heritability of the family was 0.76,0.79,and 0.79,respectively.The phenotypic CV for the ground diameter,seedling height,and new shoot growth of the open pollinated family in the plantation was 25.57%,32.94%,and 38.83%,respectively.The heritability of the family was 0.90,0.92,and 0.92,respectively,indicating high heritability.The growth traits of a family w

关 键 词：日本落叶松 种子园自由授粉家系 优树自由授粉家系 苗期选择 

分 类 号：S791.223[农业科学—林木遗传育种]