面向东北人工林的辊式清林切削装置设计及试验  

Design and Testing of a Roller-Type Clearing and Cutting Device for Artificial Forests in Northeast China

作　　者：许明贤 刘铁男 孟庆凯 解光强 张广晖 张奎 卓雷 王立海 XU Mingxian;LIU Tienan;MENG Qingkai;XIE Gaungqiang;ZHANG Guanghui;ZHANG Kui;ZHUO Lei;WANG Lihai(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Ecology Research In-stitute of Heilongjiang Academy,Harbin 150040,China;Harbin Cambridge University,Harbin 150069,China;Yichun Forest Industry Meixi Forestry Bureau Co.,Ltd.,Harbin 150321,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学机电工程学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江省生态研究所,哈尔滨150040 [3]哈尔滨剑桥学院,哈尔滨150069 [4]伊春森工美溪林业局有限责任公司,哈尔滨153021

出　　处：《森林工程》2024年第6期128-139,共12页Forest Engineering

基　　金：伊春市科技局重点项目(Y0001号);国家林业和草原局科学技术司林业科学技术推广项目([2016]33号)。

摘　　要：从加强东北地区人工林利用角度出发,需要对森林资源进行合理采伐。但由于林内杂草丛生,以致对采伐工人的视线造成严重干扰,给采伐工作带来了不良影响。故需要对面向人工林的清林装置按照我国东北地区人工林的相关特点进行设计。通过进行实地调查,提出一种辊式清林装置,并根据相关数据完成了辊式清林装置切削结构的设计。首先,对关键部件,如刀辊、刀座、刀具进行参数设计和分析,并确定切削装置的功率需求;随后,根据计算得出的关键设计参数进行3D建模,并基于ANSYS进行应力应变分析,基于ADAMS软件进行动平衡仿真分析,结果显示,刀辊设计与有关标准及设计要求一致,应力和应变分析得出的结果表明刀座设计符合要求;接着,对刀辊进行了动平衡测试,结果表明刀辊的纵向最大振动速度1.54 mm/s,噪声小于95 dB,依照ISO标准进行划分,属于允许振动的B级;最后,设计制作样机,并通过试验得出,该装置可以完成灌木密度为11根/m^(2)的伐区清林作业,清林效果符合设计要求。From the perspective of enhancing the utilization of artificial forests in Northeast China,it is necessary to conduct ra⁃tional harvesting of forest resources.However,the dense undergrowth within the forests severely obstructs the vision of logging work⁃ers,negatively impacting harvesting operations.Therefore,a clearing device tailored for artificial forests needs to be designed accord⁃ing to the specific characteristics of artificial forests in Northeast China.Through field investigation,a roller-type clearing device was proposed,and the cutting structure of the device was designed based on relevant data.First,the key components such as the knife roller,knife holder,and cutting tools were designed and analyzed in terms of parameters,and the power requirements of the cutting device were determined.Then,3D modeling was conducted based on the key design parameters derived from calculations,followed by stress and strain analysis using ANSYS,and dynamic balance simulation analysis using ADAMS software.The results showed that the knife roller design complied with relevant standards and design requirements,and the stress and strain analysis results indicated that the knife holder design met the necessary criteria.Subsequently,a dynamic balance test was performed on the knife roller,with results showing a maximum longitudinal vibration speed of 1.54 mm/s and noise levels below 95 dB.According to ISO standards,this fell into the permissible B-class vibration category.Finally,a prototype was designed and fabricated,and through testing,it was found that the device can successfully complete clearing operations in a cutting area with a shrub density of 11 stems/m²,achieving clearing results that meet design requirements.

关 键 词：东北人工林 清林装置 参数设计 应力应变 仿真分析 

分 类 号：S225[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S776.211[农业科学—农业工程] TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论]