城乡居民基本养老保险对老年人口健康及其不平等的影响研究  

The Effect of the Basic Pension Scheme on the Health and Income-related Health Inequality of the Elderly

作　　者：陈谦谦 章晓懿[1] 郝勇 CHEN Qianqian;ZHANG Xiaoyi;HAO Yong(School of International and Public Affairs,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,200030,China;Tianhua College,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai,201815,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院,上海200030 [2]上海师范大学天华学院,上海201815

出　　处：《人口学刊》2024年第6期77-94,共18页Population Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目:我国医养结合优化模式筛选及推进医养结合全覆盖对策研究(20&ZD114)。

摘　　要：老年健康不平等是当今社会发展不平衡的重要表现。在此背景下,探讨城乡居民基本养老保险对城乡老年人口健康及其不平等的影响,充分把握城乡居民基本养老保险的社会福利效应,聚焦老年健康相关问题,在我国全面推进共同富裕和健康老龄化的战略目标下,具有重要的政策价值和现实意义。本文基于2011—2018年CHARLS多期数据,采用基于倾向得分匹配的双重差分法、集中指数分解法等计量方法,实证检验城乡居民基本养老保险对于城乡老年人口健康及其不平等的影响与作用路径。城乡居民基本养老保险通过提供给制度内老年人一笔相对稳定的养老金收入,提高个体自我感知的经济获得感,显著改善老年人口的心理健康状况。但由于养老金待遇水平较低,城乡居民基本养老保险的绝对收入效应并不显著,无法通过保障老年人健康生活需要改善其生理健康状况。城乡老年群体被证明存在“亲富”的健康不平等,即家庭可支配收入水平更高的城乡老年群体往往具有更高的健康资本,但这种健康不平等在样本调查期内表现出逐年下降的发展趋势。其中,城乡居民基本养老保险通过使制度内低收入城乡老年群体受益,提高其家庭代际经济支持水平,在短期内缓和了城乡老年群体与收入相关的健康不平等。然而,随着时间的推移,由于低水平养老金待遇导致的制度健康效应减弱,以及缴费补贴机制、低统筹层次等制度设计带来的福利分布的“亲富”效应,城乡居民基本养老保险的健康不平等缓和作用将可能随时间演变而逐步削弱,甚至在中长期内表现出加剧健康不平等的发展趋势。因此,有必要进一步优化城乡居民基本养老保险的制度设计,通过提高养老金保障水平,逐步扩大其健康改善效应。同时,通过鼓励低收入群体积极参保、提高城乡居民基本养老保险统筹层次�Health inequalities of the elderly are an important manifestation of the current imbalance in social development.In this context,exploring the health and health inequality impacts of the basic pension scheme for rural and urban residents is not only of great significance in comprehensively grasping the social effects of the scheme,but also in promoting health equity among the elderly.In other words,this research has an important policy value and practical significance under the strategic goals of common prosperity and healthy aging in China.Based on the data of CHARLS from 2011 to 2018,our study examines the effects of the basic pension scheme for rural and urban residents on the health and income-related health inequality of the elderly,by using propensity score-matched difference-in-difference model and concentration index decomposition.It is found that the pension scheme can significantly improve the mental health of the elderly,by providing them with a relatively stable income.However,due to the low level of the pension benefit,the absolute income effect is not significant,which means that the pension scheme failed to improve the physical health of the elderly by guaranteeing their healthy living needs."Pro-rich"health inequality is proven to exist in the urban and rural older population groups.Still,this inequality shows a downward trend over the sample period.The pension scheme goes some way to alleviating income-related health inequali⁃ties among the elderly in the short term by benefiting low-income groups within the scheme and increasing the level of intergenerational financial support for their families.However,the mitigating effect of the pen⁃sion scheme on health inequalities is likely to diminish over time,or even exacerbate health inequalities in the medium to long term.This is mainly due to the weakening of the scheme′s health effects resulting from the low level of pension benefits,as well as the"pro-rich"distribution of benefits brought about by the scheme′s design of subsidized mechanism

关 键 词：城乡居民基本养老保险 可支配收入 健康不平等 集中指数 

分 类 号：C913.7[经济管理]