中国老年人志愿服务参与类型对老化态度的影响研究  

The Effects of Types of Volunteering Service by Older Chinese on Attitudes towards Aging

作　　者：谢立黎 欧阳材泓 XIE Lili;OUYANG Caihong(Center for Population and Development Studies,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872,China;Institute of Gerontology,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学老年学研究所,北京100872

出　　处：《人口学刊》2024年第6期95-111,共17页Population Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目:积极老龄化视角下年长员工就业质量与延迟退休问题研究(23BRK009)。

摘　　要：老年志愿服务契合健康老龄化、积极老龄化与生产性老龄化的内在要求,已成为实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略的重要策略之一。然而,当前研究聚焦机构或组织开展的正式志愿服务参与,对在中国情境中具有深厚历史积淀的非正式志愿服务参与却缺乏足够关注,中国老年人志愿服务参与的类型与群体异质性有待梳理。同时,老化态度是影响老年人生活质量的重要因素之一,而老年人不同的志愿服务参与类型对老化态度的影响与作用机制尚待厘清。本研究采用中国老年社会追踪调查数据,基于正式与非正式的角度,将老年志愿服务参与分类为“正式型”“非正式型”“双重参与型”及“非参与型”,并引入“身体-认知-社会”分析框架,探讨中国老年人志愿服务参与类型对老化态度的影响机制。研究结果发现:相对于非参与型,正式型志愿服务参与对老化态度有显著的积极影响。尤其是健康状况越差的老年人,参与正式型志愿服务对其老化态度的积极作用越突出,验证了志愿服务参与对老年弱势群体的“社会补偿效应”;而健康状况好的老年人参与正式型志愿服务则主要是通过提升个人价值感来获得更积极的老化态度。参与非正式型志愿服务对老化态度影响不显著,主要是因为其对心理获得维度显著的消极影响抵消了对心理社会丧失与身体变化体验维度的正向影响。参与非正式型志愿服务会显著降低老年人的个人价值感,从而降低其心理获得感。双重参与型的志愿服务参与虽然能够在身体变化体验维度与心理获得维度起到积极作用,但在老化态度的心理社会丧失维度呈现负向效应,因而总效应也不显著。一方面,双重参与既可以通过提升个人价值感来帮助老年人提高心理获得感,也可以直接促进对身体变化的积极感知。特别是对于健康状况较差的老年人The older volunteering is in line with the inherent requirements of healthy aging,active aging,and productive aging,and has become one of the important strategies for implementing the national strategy of actively responding to the aging of the population.However,current research focuses more on formal volunteer service participation through institutions or organizations,while lacking sufficient attention to the informally volunteer service participation with deep historical heritage in the Chinese context. The types and group heterogeneity of Chinese elderly volunteer service participation need to be sorted out. At the same time,attitudes towards aging are one of the important factors affecting the quality of life of older adults. However,the impact and mechanism of different types of voluntary participation on attitudes towards aging by older adults remain unclear. This study uses data from the Chinese Longitudinal Aging Social Survey(CLASS) to classify older voluntary participation into "formal","informal","both",and "non participation" types based on formal and informal perspectives. It also introduces a "physical-cognitive social" analysis framework to explore the impact mechanism of Chinese elderly volunteer service participation types on attitudes towards aging. The research findings show that compared with non participation type,formal volunteer service participation has a significant positive impact on attitudes towards aging. Especially for older adults with worse health conditions,participating in formal volunteer services has a more prominent positive effect on their attitudes towards aging,which verifies the "social compensation effect" of volunteer participation for vulnerable elderly groups. For older adults in good health,participating in formal volunteer services mainly enhances their personal sense of worth to obtain more positive attitudes towards aging. Participating in informal volunteer services does not significantly affect attitudes towards aging mainly because its significant negative imp

关 键 词：老年社会参与 老年志愿服务 老化态度 个人价值感 年龄友好环境 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]