天然和合成虾青素对红白锦鲤生长性能的影响  

Effects of Natural Astaxanthin or Synthetic Astaxanthin on Growth,Body Color and Immune Ability of Red and White Koi Carp

作　　者：梁艺馨 刘超[1] 牟希东[1] 杨叶欣[1] 刘奕[1] 宋红梅[1] LIANG Yixin;LIU Chao;MU Xidong;YANG Yexin;LIU Yi;SONG Hongmei(Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Resource Utilization and Aquaculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510380,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所,农业农村部热带亚热带水产资源利用与养殖重点实验室,广东广州510380

出　　处：《水产养殖》2024年第11期21-27,共7页Journal of Aquaculture

基　　金：国家淡水水产种质资源库(NFGR-2022);广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目(2023KJ150);国家淡水水产种质资源库项目(FGRC18537);广州市科技计划项目(202002030047)。

摘　　要：开展了饲料中添加天然虾青素和合成虾青素对红白锦鲤生长性能的影响试验。设置基础饲料组作为对照组(DZ0),添加0.4%的合成虾青素组(DH4)和0.4%天然虾青组(DT4)为试验组。结果表明,试验组的特定生长率、质量增加率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各组间成活率、肝体比无显著差异(P>0.05);2个试验组的脏体比均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组的鳞片、皮肤类胡萝卜素含量均显著高于对照组(P>0.05),其中DH4组的鳞片、皮肤中类胡萝卜素含量显著高于添加DT4组(P<0.05),DH4组的L*值显著低于DT4组和对照组(P<0.05),a*值和b*值显著高于DT4组和对照组(P<0.05);添加天然和合成虾青素后,红白锦鲤肝细胞空泡变性和核偏移数量减少,DT4组的肝脏空泡数量少于DH4组,DH4组和DT4组的溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性与对照组相比,显著升高(P<0.05),DT4组碱性磷酸酶、溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性均高于DH4组。指出,合成虾青素对体色的改善效果更佳,而天然虾青素对机体提高免疫力的效果更为显著。A trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding natural astaxanthin and synthetic astaxanthin to the diet on the growth performance of Kohaku koi carp.A basal feed group served as the control group(DZ0),with experimental groups including 0.4%synthetic astaxanthin(DH4)and 0.4%natural astaxanthin(DT4).The results showed that the specific growth rate and mass increase rate in the experimental groups were significantly higher than in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in survival rate or hepatosomatic index among the groups(P>0.05).The viscerosomatic index in both experimental groups was significantly lower than in the control group(P<0.05).Carotenoid content in the scales and skin was significantly higher in the experimental groups(P>0.05),with the DH4 group having significantly higher carotenoid content in scales and skin than the DT4 group(P<0.05).The L*value in the DH4 group was significantly lower than in the DT4 and control groups(P<0.05),while the a*and b*values were significantly higher than in the DT4 and control groups(P<0.05).After adding natural and synthetic astaxanthin,the number of vacuolar degeneration and nuclear displacement in liver cells of Kohaku koi decreased,with the DT4 group showing fewer vacuoles than the DH4 group.The lysozyme and superoxide dismutase activities in the DH4 and DT4 groups were significantly higher than in the control group(P<0.05).Alkaline phosphatase,lysozyme,and superoxide dismutase activities were higher in the DT4 group than in the DH4 group.The study concluded that synthetic astaxanthin had a better effect on body color improvement,while natural astaxanthin was more effective in enhancing immunity.

关 键 词：红白锦鲤 天然虾青素 合成虾青素 生长性能 体色 免疫能力 

分 类 号：S963.22[农业科学—水产养殖]