网箱养殖鲢鳙对海陵湖水体富营养化的影响调查  

Effect of Silver Carp and Bighead Carp Cultured in NetCage on Water Eutrophication in Lake Hailing

作　　者：于斌 窦强 傅纯洁 仲明 董志国 葛红星 YU Bin;DOU Qiang;FU Chunjie;ZHONG Ming;DONG Zhiguo;GE Hongxing(Jiangsu Ocean University,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment,Lianyungang,Jiangsu 222005,China;Jiangsu Hailing Lake Ecological Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Lianyungang,Jiangsu 222324,China;Donghai County Fisheries Technology Extension Station,Lianyungang,Jiangsu 224500,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏海洋大学,江苏省海洋生物资源与环境重点实验室,江苏连云港222005 [2]江苏海陵湖生态科技发展有限公司,江苏连云港222324 [3]东海县水产技术推广站,江苏连云港224500

出　　处：《水产养殖》2024年第11期28-35,共8页Journal of Aquaculture

基　　金：海陵湖渔业生产关键技术服务(JOUH22517);2023江苏省委农办、省农业农村厅乡村振兴软科学公开委托研究课题(23RVSSS05)。

摘　　要：为了解网箱养殖鲢鳙对水环境净化的效果,于2022年12月(冬)、2023年3(春)、7(夏)和10月(秋),对海陵湖的水质、浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖动物进行了调查。结果表明,海陵湖冬、春、夏和秋4个季节温度、pH值、叶绿素a含量和透明度分别为3~37℃、8.17~9.09、4.1~80.0 mg/L和0.24~1.40 m,氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、总磷和总氮质量浓度分别为0.0100~0.9235,0.0031~0.0502,0.033~0.306和0.900~3.244 mg/L;总磷和总氮在夏、秋季节均为Ⅳ类、Ⅴ类水的水平。浮游植物共采集6门49属,其密度和生物量分别为9.21×10^(6)~34.61×10^(6) ind./L和0.91~2.17 mg/L,蓝藻门的密度及生物量高于其他门类;浮游动物共采集3目7属,其中原生动物1属、轮虫2属、枝角类4属、桡足类3目,其密度和生物量为935.2~1964.5 ind./L和0.105~0.198 mg/L;底栖动物共采集4种,其密度和生物量为69.5~103.8 ind./m^(2)和0.225~0.369 g/m^(2)。指出,网箱养殖鲢、鳙,可以有效控制水体中叶绿素a的含量,提高水体透明度,对水体有一定的净化效果;基于鲢、鳙的滤食作用,可以有效控制海陵湖浮游植物的丰度,降低蓝藻水华暴发的风险。In order to evaluate the impact of cage culture of silver carp and bighead carp on the eutrophication of Hailing Lake water,the water quality,phytoplankton,zooplankton and bottom of Hailing Lake were measured in December 2022,March,July and October 2023.The main research results were as follows:The temperature,pH,chlorophyll a content and transparency of Hailing Lake in the four seasons of the year vary within the range of 3-37℃,8.17-9.09,4.1-80.0 mg/L and 0.24-1.40 m respectively.Ammonia nitrogen,The variation ranges of nitrite nitrogen,total phosphorus and total nitrogen were 0.0100-0.9235 mg/L,0.0031-0.0502 mg/L,0.033-0.306 mg/L and 0.900-3.244 mg/L respectively.The total phosphorus and total nitrogen contents are both at the level of Class IV and Class V water in summer and autumn.A total of 6 phytoplankton phyla and 49 genera were collected in autumn.The range of phytoplankton cell density and biomass in Hailing Lake in autumn is 9.21×10^(6)-34.61×10^(6) ind./L and 0.91-2.17 mg/L.Among them,the density and biomass of cyanobacteria were the volume is significantly higher than other categories.In autumn,a total of 3 orders and 7 genera of zooplankton were detected,including 1 genus of protozoa,2 genera of rotifers,4 genera of cladocerans,and 3 orders of copepods.The range of zooplankton density and biomass in Hailing Lake in autumn was 935.2-1964.5 ind./L and 0.105-0.198 mg/L.A total of 4 species of benthic organisms were collected in autumn.The density and biomass of benthic organisms in Hailing Lake in autumn ranged from 69.5-103.8 ind./m^(2) and 0.225-0.369 g/m^(2).The above research results show that raising silver carp and bighead carp in cages in breeding areas can effectively control the chlorophyll a content in the water body,and improving the transparency of the water body has a certain purification effect on the water quality.The filter-feeding effect of silver carp and bighead carp can effectively control the abundance of phytoplankton in Hailing Lake and reduce the risk of cyanobacteria blooms.

关 键 词：海陵湖 鲢鳙 富营养化 浮游生物 水质指标 

分 类 号：S931.3[农业科学—渔业资源]