论跨境腐败资产直接追回之民事诉讼——以《联合国反腐败公约》第53条为中心  

On Civil Litigation for Direct Recovery of Cross border Corrupt Assets

作　　者：熊安邦[1] 王圣玉 Xiong Anbang;Wang Shengyu(International Policing School of Hubei Police University,Wuhan 430035,China;People's Procuratorate of Baokang County,Xiangyang 431600,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北警官学院国际警务系,湖北武汉430035 [2]湖北省襄阳市保康县人民检察院,湖北襄阳431600

出　　处：《湖北警官学院学报》2024年第5期108-117,共10页Journal of Hubei University of Police

基　　金：2022年度湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学研究项目“跨境腐败资产直接追回的法律挑战与应对”(22Y138);湖北警官学院与湖北省保康县人民检察院合作课题(2024年)“虚拟货币的定性及涉案虚拟货币的司法处置研究”。

摘　　要：《联合国反腐败公约》第53条规定了缔约国可以通过提起民事诉讼的方式直接追回腐败资产。一系列国际公约和一些国家的国内立法都承认国家作为民事主体的诉讼权利。在直接追回腐败资产的民事诉讼中,受贿者、行贿者以及中间人都有可能成为被告。资产追回行动具有许多独特的挑战,资产追回律师应具备一定的政治头脑和会计、金融、法律等领域知识。起诉地点的选择主要受腐败所得资产所在地的影响。就诉讼的类型而言,主要有所有权诉讼和索赔诉讼两类。资产民事追回案件中的调查措施,有前期披露、禁言令和单方搜查令等;临时资产保全措施,如限制令、冻结令或扣押令等。Article 53 of the United Nations Convention against Corruption stipulates that contracting states may directly recover corrupt assets through civil litigation.A series of international conventions and domestic legislation of some countries recognize the litigation rights of the state as a civil subject.In civil litigation for the direct recovery of corrupt assets,bribe takers,bribe givers,and intermediaries may all become defendants.Asset recovery actions pose many unique challenges,and asset recovery lawyers should possess a certain level of political acumen and knowledge in accounting,finance,law,and other fields.The choice of prosecution location is mainly influenced by the location of the assets obtained from corruption.In terms of the types of litigation,there are mainly ownership litigation and claims litigation.The investigation measures in civil asset recovery cases include preliminary disclosure,gag orders,and unilateral search warrants;Temporary asset preservation measures,such as restraining orders,freezing orders,or seizure orders,are often used to restrict assets suspected of being proceeds of crime.In cross-border civil cases,international cooperation is crucial for successfully recovering assets hidden in foreign jurisdictions,and it is also necessary to calculate the amount of damages and compensation,and the relevant judgments need to be recognized and enforced.

关 键 词：腐败资产追回 联合国反腐败公约 国际追赃 民事诉讼 

分 类 号：DF977[政治法律—国际法学]