激发多元灵活性的数据中心协同优化运行方法  

Optimal Synergistic Operation Method for Data Center by Activating Multiple Flexibilities

作　　者：周世博 周明[1] 孙黎滢 孙轶恺 王帅 武昭原 ZHOU Shibo;ZHOU Ming;SUN Liying;SUN Yikai;WANG Shuai;WU Zhaoyuan(School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Changping District,Beijing 102206,China;State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Economy and Technology Research Institute,Hangzhou 310008,Zhejiang Province,China;National Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Grid Integration(China Electric Power Research Institute),Haidian District,Beijing 100192,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学电气与电子工程学院,北京市昌平区102206 [2]国网浙江省电力公司经济技术研究院,浙江省杭州市310008 [3]可再生能源并网全国重点实验室(中国电力科学研究院有限公司),北京市海淀区100192

出　　处：《电网技术》2024年第11期4417-4426,I0002,I0003,I0001,共13页Power System Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U22B20110,52207098);可再生能源并网国家重点实验室开放基金项目(中国电力科学研究院有限公司)(NYB51202301628)。

摘　　要：“双碳”目标加快了以新能源发电为主体的新型电力系统建设,大规模波动性新能源并网对系统灵活运行提出了更高的要求。而快速发展的大规模数据中心已成为电力系统灵活智能运行的新型资源。为此,在建模多数据中心负载处理时空灵活性的基础上,建立其制冷和储能辅助设备的灵活运行模型,以激发数据中心用能的多元灵活性;进而建立数据中心与电力系统协同优化双层模型,即上层模拟数据中心参与电力市场出清对节点电价的作用,下层给出电价引导后的数据中心用电行为决策;含3个数据中心的IEEE-30节点改进算例分析表明,相较于已有方法,所提优化运行策略能促进数据中心与电力系统的新能源交易,有效降低数据中心用电成本并提高区域新能源消纳水平。其中辅助设备运行灵活性能降低成本达11.78%,进一步提升区域新能源消纳水平达8.11%,减少电力系统碳排放达2.42%。The'3060'targets for carbon peak and carbon neutrality have hastened the development of a new power system with a high proportion of new energy generation,and the integration of large-scale intermittent new energy sources into the grid has necessitated enhanced standards for flexible system operation.The rapidly developing data center has become a new resource to enhance the flexibility of the power system.A flexible operation model for the auxiliary equipment is established,as well as spatiotemporal flexibility in processing workloads across multiple data centers to exploit the flexibility of power consumption.A bi-level optimization model for the coordination between data centers and the power system is also developed.The upper level measures the influence of the data center's involvement in the electricity market,while the lower level makes decisions on the data center’s power consumption after price steering.The enhanced case analysis of the IEEE-30 nodes containing three data centers indicates that the suggested approach can facilitate new energy trading between data centers and the power system.This can effectively reduce the cost of electricity for the data centers and improve the regional new energy accommodation compared to existing researches.The operation flexibility of auxiliary equipment reduces costs by 11.78%,increases regional new energy consumption by 8.11%,and decreases power system carbon emissions by 2.42%.

关 键 词：数据中心 多元灵活性 双层模型 协同优化 

分 类 号：TM721[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]